International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 03 | Mar 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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ESTIMATION OF LANDFILL GAS EMISSIONS, ENERGY RECOVERY POTENTIAL AND LCA TO ASSESS THE WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN BANGALORE CITY Basawaraj1, Ramya B G2, Rekha H.B.3 1 PG Student, 2 Ph.D. student,3 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Bengaluru produces around 5,500 tonnes of
After municipal waste is recycled and composted, the remaining waste goes to landfills. After a while, waste rots in landfills and harms the environment by releasing pollution and greenhouse gases. During rain, leachate is produced and pollutes the soil. Landfill gas (LFG) is produced as a result of the decomposition and biochemical reactions of solid waste in landfills. The main gas composition is 40-50% carbon dioxide and 50-60% methane (Ramprasad et al. 2022). Garbage thrown into landfills undergoes anaerobic decomposition by microorganisms and emits landfill gases. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide found in the soil are important in terms of greenhouse gas production. Methane emissions and energy potential of a landfill can be estimated by various methods. The most commonly used models are the IPCC preset method, Yedla S method, firstorder attenuation model and LandGEM model. Geological Geological Survey (LandGEM) has been investigated and reported as a suitable model for estimating oil and energy recovery (Ramprasad et al. 2022).
municipal solid waste every day with a collection efficiency of 80%. Bengaluru's urban population and waste-generating resources have increased rapidly in the last decade. Gas emissions from landfills were estimated using LandGEM-3.02 version. Methane production rate constant (k) and methane production potential (L0) were determined using the theoretical method. The estimated maximum buried gas volume is 3,083 × 107 cubic meters/year, and methane emission is 1,542 × 107 cubic meters/year. The energy recovery capacity of Bengaluru's MSW can produce 1724.2 TJ of methane and 54 MW of electricity. Life cycle analysis is done to understand which management is better. In the study, existing conditions such as open dumps and waste storage areas were considered. Traditional disposal options have proven to be the better option between the two options. On the other hand, research predicts that choosing traditional landfills instead of open landfills can reduce global warming potential (GWP). Therefore, a waste management system that includes waste materials and energy recovery is not only a good choice for the environment, but also a sustainable, robust and useful choice.
Bengaluru's waste disposal system was developed from open landfills. Waste management systems including separation, composting and controlled burial have been implemented at the existing landfill. Examining the impact of current or past waste management in Bangalore will help in understanding the environmental burden associated with the waste management process. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of processes operating in waste treatment plants will help understand their impacts and therefore make important policy decisions (Sughosh et.al. (2019).
Key Words: LandGEM model, Energy recovery potential, Life cycle analysis.
1.INTRODUCTION Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a general term used for wastewater generated from household waste, construction and demolition waste, wastewater treatment, and municipal waste. The resulting waste must be stored, treated, transported and disposed of in regular landfills. Landfills are low-level places used for the disposal of waste. In India, SWM still operates illegally. As of 2023, India's population is 1.42 billion, 31% of whom live in cities. Additionally, half of India's population is expected to live in cities by 2050. As the country's population increases, municipal waste management has become a major problem, not only due to environmental and aesthetic concerns, but also because large amounts of waste are produced every day.
Various lifecycle research studies on open dumping, composting and landfilling (known) practices are reported in the literature. Sharma et al. (2017) examined six solid waste management options in Mumbai, India, and concluded that options combining recycling, composting, and disposal had the least eutrophication and minimal human potential toxicity. They also say that significant environmental savings can be achieved through energy recovery from all waste management options. Scientists studied gas pollution in Bengaluru and other parts of the country. Landfills emit greenhouse gases that affect the environment and affect health by causing global warming. Using different models to understand carbon
Bangalore produces around 5500 tonnes of waste every day and the waste rate is 85%. Waste generation is 0.6 kg/person/day (BBMP 2022). Municipal solid waste per capita is expected to increase by 1-1.33% per year (BBMP).
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