International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 03 | Mar 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY FOR REMOVAL OF EMERGING CONTAMINANTS FROM WATER: A REVIEW Amit Kumar Chaurasia1, Mr. Ushendra Kumar2 1Master of Technology, Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
2Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
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Abstract - The presence of emerging contaminants in water
inadequate in mitigating these emerging contaminants. The latter decades of the 20th century and the initial years of the 21st century bore witness to a surge in research and development endeavors, precipitating the emergence of advanced treatment modalities. Notably, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and membrane filtration technologies assumed pivotal roles in this trajectory. AOPs, harnessing the reactivity of hydroxyl radicals, ushered in a breakthrough by efficaciously degrading a broad spectrum of organic pollutants. Concurrently, membrane filtration technologies underwent substantial enhancements, affording heightened removal efficiencies for contaminants. The integration of nanotechnology further augmented adsorption processes, yielding proficient nanomaterial-based adsorbents. The adoption of these technologies was propelled by both regulatory imperatives and the industry's dedication to safeguarding water integrity. Notwithstanding substantial strides, the journey persists, with ongoing research endeavors concentrating on optimization strategies, innovative treatment methodologies, and the amalgamation of diverse barriers to comprehensively tackle emerging contaminants in water. The concerted endeavors of scientists, engineers, and policymakers on a global scale underscore a steadfast commitment to preserving public health and environmental integrity as this journey unfolds.
sources poses a significant challenge to public health and environmental sustainability. These contaminants, ranging from pharmaceuticals and personal care products to industrial chemicals, have raised concerns due to their persistence, potential toxicity, and adverse effects on ecosystems. Consequently, there is a growing demand for effective removal strategies to mitigate their impact. This review paper explores recent advancements in techniques aimed at enhancing the efficiency of emerging contaminant removal from water. It provides a comprehensive analysis of various treatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as advanced oxidation processes, nanotechnology-based treatments, and hybrid systems are critically evaluated for their potential to address the challenges associated with emerging contaminants. Additionally, the paper discusses the importance of optimizing operating conditions, considering factors such as pH, temperature, and reaction time, to maximize treatment efficiency. Furthermore, the review examines the role of emerging materials and adsorbents in enhancing contaminant removal, emphasizing their adsorption capacity and regeneration potential. Moreover, the paper addresses challenges related to the scale-up and implementation of treatment technologies, emphasizing the need for costeffectiveness and sustainability. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the current state of the art in emerging contaminant removal from water and identifies promising avenues for future research and development in this critical field.
2.INTRODUCTION It is widely acknowledged that among the array of emerging contaminants, antibiotics represent a paramount concern, as their discharge into the environment can engender an elevated prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within ecological systems. Nevertheless, other emerging substances, particularly those of a polar nature such as acidic pharmaceuticals, acidic pesticides, and acidic metabolites of non-ionic surfactants, warrant significant attention. By virtue of their physico-chemical characteristics—namely, high water solubility and frequently limited degradability— these compounds possess the capacity to permeate through natural filtration processes and engineered treatment systems, thus posing a potential hazard to the integrity of drinking water supplies.
Key Words: Emerging contaminants, Water treatment, Removal efficiency, Advanced oxidation processes, Nanotechnology, Adsorption, Biological treatment.
1.HISTORY The endeavor to augment the efficacy of eliminating emerging contaminants from water has undergone a progressive evolution, with its inception rooted in the latter portion of the 20th century. As scientific inquiry elucidated the prevalence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial chemicals in water sources, it became evident that conventional water treatment methodologies were
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Various categories of emerging contaminants, notably surfactant byproducts, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and polar pesticides, have been observed
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