International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 03 | Mar 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF FOUR-WHEEL STEERING MECHANISM Dr. Y. Ramamohan Reddy1 Aman S2 Misba P3 Eshwar S4 Hafriz D5 Harsha A6 1Associate professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology,
Ananthapuramu, Andhrapradesh. (yrammohanreddy@gmail.com) 2,3,4,5,6 Students, Department of Mechanical engineering, Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology,
Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: The primary goal of the Design and Fabrication of Four-Wheel Steering Mechanism is to create a simple yet effective fourwheel steering system that improves vehicle control and manoeuvrability. Conventional cars often only feature frontwheel steering, limiting their turning radius and agility. This concept provides a solution to this restriction by incorporating a four-wheel steering mechanism that allows both the front and back wheels to actively participate in steering. These days, the issue of increased street mobility has made vehicle treatment more difficult. As a result, there is a need to develop an alternative mechanism for easy vehicle steering. When a vehicle is in a congested or limited region, a better turning response is desired, or we may wish the car to drive with less movement. This four-wheel steering system is made of mild steel and employs a linkage system, in which the front and back wheels are linked together so that both wheels turn at the same time. There are numerous benefits to using a four-wheel steering system, including the ability to drive the vehicle more precisely, particularly when cornering, parking, or traveling in narrow locations.
Keywords: Four-wheel steering, Fabrication, Steering, Stability, Mechanism. I.
INTRODUCTION
The evolution of automotive technology has witnessed continuous advancements aimed at enhancing vehicle performance, safety, and manoeuvrability. One such innovative feature is the Four-Wheel Steering (4WS) mechanism, which introduces steering control to all four wheels of a vehicle.[1] Lohith, K., S. R. Shankapal, and H. Monish Gowda. "Development of fourwheel steering system for a car." SASTech-Technical Journal of RUAS 12.1 (2013): 90-97. Traditionally, vehicles are equipped with front-wheel steering systems, but the incorporation of 4WS offers numerous benefits, including improved stability, reduced turning radius, enhanced handling, and increased safety.[2] PADWAL, PRANITA, et al. "Four-Wheel Steering Mechanism-Review." JournalNX 4.10 (2017): 1-4. Four-wheel steering (4WS) is a vehicle control system that allows all four wheels to be steered in response to driver input, enhancing stability. Four-wheel steering gives an extra level of control by allowing the back wheels to turn, in contrast to conventional two-wheel steering systems that only guide the front wheels.[3] Vanamala, Uma Maheshwar. An innovative design concept of four-wheel steering mechanism for an automobile. No. 2013-01-2845. SAE Technical Paper, 2013. This novel device is intended to enhance a car's handling qualities, especially in low-speed situations and when performing tight turns.[4] Kolekar, Mr Aniket, et al. "Review on Steering Mechanism." (2017). This comes in two primary varieties: passive and active. In passive systems, the steering angle and vehicle speed, among other variables, control how the rear wheels, which are mechanically connected to the front wheels, turn. This design improves low-speed agility, which makes parking and navigating through crowded locations easier. [5] Rehan, Ansari, et al. "Design & Synthesis of Four-Wheel Steering Mechanism." International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science 6.4 (2017): 17-20. Conversely, active systems provide a greater degree of adaptability to various driving situations by using electronic control to independently steer the rear wheels. In order to evaluate variables like vehicle speed, steering input, and lateral acceleration and modify the rear wheel angles appropriately, these systems frequently use sensors and algorithms. Increased stability is one of the main advantages of four-wheel steering, particularly while lane changing and cornering at high speeds.[6] Bhishikar, Saket, et al. "Design and simulation of 4-wheel steering system." International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology 3.12 (2014): 351-367. The car performs better overall when the rear wheels are driven in the same direction as the front wheels at higher speeds. This makes the car more responsive and stable. Furthermore, the ability to turn the rear wheels in the opposite direction of the front wheels minimizes the turning radius, making the vehicle more agile while navigating tight places or parking at reduced
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