International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 02 | Feb 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
BIOSENSORS Dr. B. Rama Brahma Reddy 1, K. Malleswari 2, V.Bindu Sree 3 Principal & Professor ,Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Nalanda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kantepudi(v), Guntur(D) Associate Professor , Department of Pharmaceutics, Nalanda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kantepudi(v), Guntur(D). Student in Nalanda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kantepudi(v), Guntur(D). -------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: Biosensors are one of the most important inventions in engineering history, and biosensors are one of them. Biosensors have been under development for over 35 years, becoming more prominent in the last 15 years. Silicon Nanowires, for example, has paved the way for a flood of new signal transduction methods in biosensors, illustrating the field's advancement. Recently, NASA has been developing better physiologic sensor and biotelemetry system technologies, to continuously assess basic physiological indicators in unrestrained space beings, such as heart rate, blood pH, and body temperature, which is a challenging problem to solve. Approximately 20 to 25 years ago, biosensors were one of the mysterious topics in engineering as they connected two different fields (electronic and biology). But now, from the detection of Covid-19 in medical science to the detection of microorganisms in space technology, biosensors are used on a large scale and have become the most popular choice for manufacturers. In this review, we will encounter every prospect, application, and type of biosensor. (1) Key words: 1.Biosensors Introduction, 2.Elements of Biosensors, 3.Types of Biosensors, 4.Characteristics of Biosensors, 5.Application of Biosensors.
1.Introduction: The history of biosensors started in the year 1962 with the development of enzyme electrodes by the scientist Leland C. Clark. Since then, research communities from various fields such as VLSI, Physics, Chemistry, and Material Science have come together to develop more sophisticated, reliable and mature biosensing devices for applications in the fields of medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, as well as the military and bioterrorism detection and prevention.
Fig 1: A Schematic Representation of Biosensors Working: If you observe a device, you will notice that a biosensor are composed of three main parts: ● Recognition of analyte. ● Converting collected data to signal. ● Reading the signal.(2)
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