International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 11 Issue: 02 | Feb 2024
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e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Modelling and Control of an Experimental Fuzzy Logic Controlled DualAxis Solar Tracking System based on Field Programmable Gate Array Elsayed A. M. BaBars1, Saber M. Abdraboo2, Mohamed El-sayed M. Essa3*, and Shady Y. El-Mashad4 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sinai University Campus, Arish, North Sinai, Egypt. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra , Benha University, Cairo, Egypt. 3Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Institute of Aviation Engineering and Technology,
Egyptian Aviation Academy Imbaba Airport, Giza, Egypt. 4Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Egypt.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT This paper aims to model and control of an experimental dual axis solar tracking system utilizing a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based on intelligent control system design. The proposed system is a real-time solar tracking system which capable of precisely aligning with the sun's position to maximize solar energy harvesting efficiency. Solar energy plays a distinctive role as a primary source of new and renewable energy due to its clean energy and does not pollute the environment. As a result, this research presents an advance in one of the important ways to increase energy productivity from solar cells such as dual axis solar tracker system. The proposed system is controlled through Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based on FPGA platform. To prove the efficiency of applying the dual-axis solar tracker based on fuzzy control, its results were compared to the fixed system of solar panel, and the two-axis solar tracker proved its distinction and efficiency in raising solar production by 21%, which gives preference in its application and exploitation in solar systems.
Keywords: Solar Tracker; FPGA; FLC; Dual Axis Linear Actuator; Sinai University Campus, Arish, North Sinai, Egypt. solution to address the global energy crisis. Solar tracking 1. Introduction Solar energy has emerged as a crucial renewable energy source, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional fossil fuels [1]. To optimize solar energy harvesting efficiency, solar tracking systems have been extensively researched and implemented. These systems dynamically adjust the orientation of solar panels to continuously face the sun, maximizing energy capture throughout the day [1-6]. In this literature review, we explore relevant research on the modelling and control of dual-axis solar tracking systems based on FPGAs. Numerous studies have showcased the advantages of solar tracking systems over fixed solar installations. Algarni and Al-Maashri [1] conducted a comparative analysis between static and dual-axis tracking systems, revealing that the latter could improve energy generation by up to 35% in certain geographic locations. This emphasizes the potential of dual-axis solar tracking systems in maximizing energy output, particularly in regions with significant variation in solar incidence angles throughout the day. The ever-increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy sources has fueled extensive research in the field of renewable energy systems. Among these, solar energy has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly
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systems, which dynamically adjust solar panel orientation to align with the sun's position, have garnered significant attention due to their ability to enhance solar energy harvesting efficiency [1]. In their study, Atas and Bayhan [7] developed a mathematical model and control system for a two-axis solar tracker, validating its effectiveness through real-time laboratory experiments. This research demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed control algorithm for precise sun tracking. Accurate modelling of the solar tracking system is crucial for effective dual-axis solar tracking. Pohl and Fathabadi [8] presented a comprehensive kinematic and dynamic model of a dualaxis solar tracker, considering factors such as sun position, panel orientation, and tracking errors. Such mathematical models serve as a foundation for developing robust control algorithms and predicting solar tracker behavior in realtime. For achieving precise sun tracking, the selection and design of appropriate control algorithms play a pivotal role. While classical control techniques like PID have been widely employed for solar tracking, fractional-order PID (FOPID) controllers have shown superiority in handling system nonlinearity and disturbances. Hassan et al. [9] proposed an optimal FOPID controller design for dual-axis
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