International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 01 | Jan 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Sensor applications of NPs using Cyclic Voltammetry: A Review ARATI C1, PRAVEEN. B M1,*, PAVITHRA B N1,2, SUDHAKAR3 1 Department of Chemistry, Srinivas University, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mukka,
Srinivas Nagar, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. 2 School of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Itgulpura, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 3 Department of Chemistry, Raja Rajeswari College of Engineering, Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalagodu, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. -----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction The global concern of water pollution caused by various contaminants originating from wastewater, agriculture, municipalities, and industries is well known. These pollutants, found in unbalanced concentrations, pose serious threats to human health and aquatic life. Industrial waste is being discharged into the environment at an increasing rate due to the development of the chemical industry. It is projected that this waste will have a deleterious effect on human immunity and reproduction, leading to neurological and behavioral disorders in people. Since there is currently no cure or therapy for many diseases, like diabetes, it is crucial to manage the disease's symptoms. Blood glucose monitoring is thought to be a crucial tool for both early disease detection and management of its side effects. Furthermore, blood glucose monitoring might be highly beneficial for the treatment of patients. As a result, developing new sensors has emerged as a crucial area of research for the detection of substances at trace amounts. Researchers worldwide are actively exploring measures and detection methods for these pollutants and detecting biological molecules. Researchers have been working on the use of nanostructures that can sense these pollutants and biomolecules accurately and specifically. To address these challenges, researchers are exploring innovative nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, and doped metal oxides. Compared to other conventional methods, electrochemical detection techniques have advantages. One of the industries with the quickest growth is electrochemical sensors. Amperometric sensors generate an electroactive species by the oxidation or reduction of measuring the voltage differential between an electrode and a reference. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical method used in the study of redox processes, and electron transfer chemical reactions. Studying chemical reactions triggered by electron transfer, such as catalysis, is aided by it. CV gives the analysis of current (i) as a function of applied potential (V) The applied potential measures the concentrations of redox species at the electrode surface. The Butler-Volmer or Nernst equations explain the rate of reaction. E=E0-RT/nF ln [CR0/CO0] ....... Nernst equation CR(0,t)e(1-α) nf/RT(E-E0) - CO(0,t)e –αnF/RT(E-E0)] = nfAk0* i...The Butler-Volmer formula . The Nernst equation helps to understand the system's behavior during cyclic voltammetry experiments. The system’s respond depends on changes in concentration or electrode potential. The "duck" shape is a result of the processes at the electrode interface. The stability of the analyte is predicted by the Chemical reversibility of reduction and reoxidation. Electrochemical reversibility refers to fast electron transfer kinetics between the electrode and analyte, following the Nernst equation. Peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp) is used to assess reversibility, with a value of 57 mV at 25 °C indicating reversible electron transfer. Nanomaterials, characterized by their nanoscale dimensions, offer unique physicochemical properties that make them highly attractive for a wide range of applications across various fields. The advantageous properties of nanomaterials are primarily attributed to their large surface-to-volume ratios and quantum effects, enabling improved and tailored
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