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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 01 | Jan 2024

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

FAULT DETECTION IN FIVE BUS SYSTEM USING MATLAB & SIMULINK (DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM METHOD) Suraj Kumar Padhan1, Lokesh Jaiswal2, Pranjal Prajapati3 and Ganesh Ram Ratnakar4 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chouksey Engineering College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India 2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chouksey Engineering College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh,, India 3Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chouksey Engineering College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh,, India 4Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chouksey Engineering College, Bilaspur,

Chhattisgarh,, India

---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------through a transmission line network comprising seven lines Abstract - The transmission line is a critical component of [8]. Detailed specifications for the transmission lines, sources, and loads can be found in Tables 1 and 2.

the power system, but it is vulnerable to faults due to its exposure to harsh environmental conditions. These faults, such as open circuit and short circuit, directly affect the quality of the electric power supplied. Therefore, it is essential to promptly detect and fix any faults to ensure the reliable operation of the power system. Fault diagnostics are crucial for maintaining the stability of a multi-bus system within the power system. This research focuses on a five-bus system and presents twelve different types of faults with varying durations in transmission lines at different locations. To determine the specific fault type, the receiving end current signals of the line undergo Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The resulting wavelet coefficients are then used in the fault identification process. The simulation and extraction of wavelet coefficients are carried out accordingly.

It is worth noting that Bus number 2 is connected to both a generator and a load. Additionally, Bus 1, referred to as the Generator Bus, serves as the Slack Bus, responsible for maintaining a balance between active and reactive power. For the purpose of this study, a Typical 5 Bus configuration has been adopted as the base system for analysis. Table 1 presents the Transmission Line specifications for a T-section Model. A fitting reference value of 100 MVA, denoted as Sb, and a base kV of 230 kV, denoted as Vb, are utilized. The specifications include the values for Positive and Zero Sequence Resistance, as well as Inductance.

Keywords: Line fault, Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT), Wavelet coefficient, five bus system, MATLAB.

1. Introduction Ensuring that energy is clean, affordable, and reliable is crucial in the fight against poverty and climate change. With the increasing integration of renewable energy by various agencies, Grid Automation is becoming an inevitable task in smart grids. Transmission line faults, whether symmetrical or unsymmetrical, occur frequently due to various adverse factors such as environmental imbalances, overloads, and lack of maintenance [1]. Detecting these faults in a timely manner is essential for maintaining a reliable power system with minimal interruptions. In recent years, several decision algorithms have been proposed for locating faults in multiterminal systems [2–4]. This paper focuses on using wavelet transform [5–7], specifically the db8 wavelet, to extract fault features from line currents in transmission lines. By analyzing these features, the type of fault can be identified [9].

Figure 1:- Five bus system under study.

Table 1 :- Transmission line specifications Length Positive Zero Positive Zero of Seq. R Seq. R Seq. L Seq. L Trans. Positive Zero (Ω/km) (Ω/km) (H/km) (H/km) Seq. Seq. C Line Bus km C (F/km) (F/km)

2. System Under Study The provided Figure 1 illustrates the single Line Diagram of a five bus system that is being analyzed. This system consists of two sources and four loads, all interconnected

Impact Factor value: 8.226

1–2

0.23

0.66

0.0017 0.0052 6.3 × 10−9 1.89 × 10−8

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