International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 12 | Dec 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Comparative Analysis of Charging Methods CC, CV, CC-CV, MSCC in Electric Vehicle Charging System Kareddy Sai Nikhitha1 and Dr. K. Bhaskar2 1M.tech, Student, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUHUCEST, Hyderabad, India. 2Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUHUCEST, Hyderabad, India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------appealing to a wider market. Second, efficiency during the Abstract - Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a sustainable
grid-to-battery power transfer must be maximized to reduce energy loss. Inefficient systems not only waste energy but also produce excess heat, which can reduce battery lifespan and raise safety concerns. Enhancing energy efficiency in charging systems is essential to meet the growing demand for EVs sustainably.
solution to fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. With zero emissions, EVs are more efficient than traditional fuel-powered vehicles and play a key role in reducing greenhouse gases and air pollution, supporting climate goals. Despite these benefits, EV adoption is limited by battery-related challenges, particularly in charging efficiency. To address this, it is crucial to explore effective battery charging methods. Lithium-ion batteries, widely used due to their superior performance, require optimized charging techniques for efficiency and longevity. This project explores different methods for charging lithium-ion batteries, including constant voltage charging, constant current charging, a combination of constant current and constant voltage charging, as well as multistep constant current charging. MATLAB/Simulink software is used to simulate and analyze these methods, providing insights into their charging characteristics. Furthermore, electricity may move both ways between the EV battery and the grid thanks to the combination of bi-directional AC-DC and DC-DC converters, which improves grid stability and facilitates effective energy transfer.
Reliability and safety are equally crucial for EV charging systems. These systems must function consistently across diverse conditions, guarding against electrical hazards, preventing overcharging, and ensuring stable voltage and current delivery. Reliable charging systems also contribute to battery longevity, reducing degradation and enhancing overall vehicle performance. Additionally, as EVs connect with smart grids, charging systems must manage energy flows intelligently, potentially supporting bidirectional energy transfer (vehicle-to-grid technology) to balance grid demand. This capability allows EVs to serve as mobile energy storage units, improving grid stability during peak demand. In response to these needs, various charging strategies have been developed, each addressing key aspects such as battery health, energy efficiency, and charging speed. Manufacturers continue to innovate, aiming to create systems that meet the diverse requirements of EVs, from compact passenger cars to larger commercial vehicles.
Key Words: EVC Systems, CC, CV, CC-CV, MSCC, DC-DC Converter, AC-DC Converter
1.INTRODUCTION
The paper is structured as follows: Section II outlines the primary block diagram of the proposed model along with the circuit design. Section III describes the charging methods and control strategies used. Section IV contains the simulation model, whereas section V has the simulation results and discussion. Section VI describes the proposed system's conclusion.
The electrification of transportation is a critical step toward a sustainable future, with electric vehicles (EVs) leading the charge to reduce carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. As environmental initiatives gain global momentum, the importance of EVs continues to grow, spurring advancements in vehicle technology and the infrastructure that supports them. At the core of this infrastructure is the EV charging system, a vital element that delivers energy from the grid to power the EV battery. The efficiency, speed, and reliability of charging systems directly impact the practicality and attractiveness of owning an EV, especially as the number of EVs on the road increases.
2. DESIGNED CIRCUIT Figure 1 illustrates the structure of a typical Electric Vehicle Charging System (EVCS). The three-phase AC source that powers the system is first transformed via an AC-DC converter. In order to prepare the AC input for additional processing, this first step converts it to DC. After that, the DC-DC converter modifies the voltage to satisfy the needs of the battery pack in the electric car. This configuration ensures efficient energy transfer from the power grid to the EV battery, facilitating reliable and controlled charging for optimal battery performance.
Fast and efficient charging systems are essential for multiple reasons. First, minimizing charging times is vital to increasing EV appeal, as long waits can deter adoption when compared to the quick refuelling of internal combustion engine vehicles. A robust, rapid charging system can ease these concerns and make EVs more
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