International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 12 | Dec 2024
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Temporal Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Variations in Gandhinagar city, Gujarat, India during 2003–2020 using satellite data Neha Nandkeolyar1*, Anurag Kandya2, Viral Patel2, Shubham Kela2 1 Government Arts and Science college, Harij, Patan 2Department of Civil Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------contributor to environmental changes on a global scale. This Abstract - This study investigates the temporal and spatial transformation alters the physical and thermal properties of variations of Land Surface Temperature (LST) in land surface materials, leading to various environmental Gandhinagar, Gujarat, over an 18-year period (2003–2020) challenges such as global warming, urban heat islands using satellite-based observations to understand the thermal (UHIs), air pollution, and ecological degradation. These impacts of urbanization. The findings reveal a contrasting changes adversely impact the quality of life and comfort of trend in LST dynamics, with a decrease in daytime LST at a urban populations, necessitating urgent attention and rate of 0.05°C/year and an increase in nighttime LST at a intervention (Kandya & Mohan, 2018; Mathew et al., 2016; rate of 0.07°C/year, which is a typical characteristic of urban Mohan & Kandya, 2015). heat island effects. Daytime LST was observed to vary between 40°C and 43°C, while nighttime LST ranged from 20°C to Among the myriad consequences of urbanization, 22°C during the study period. Spatial analysis revealed a changes in land surface temperature (LST) are of critical distinct longitudinal thermal stratification for daytime LST by concern. LST is a measure of the effective radiating 2020, with the lowest temperatures recorded in greentemperature of the Earth's surface, playing a pivotal role in covered areas such as Indroda Park, Punit Van, and regulating surface heat and water exchange with the Akshardham Temple, emphasizing the significant cooling atmosphere. The phenomenon of urban heat islands, which effect of vegetation. In contrast, industrial zones in the GIDC describes elevated temperatures in urban areas compared to area on the western side consistently exhibited higher their rural surroundings, is intricately linked to changes in daytime temperatures due to impervious surfaces and urban LST. The increase in impervious surfaces, such as concrete activity. Nighttime LST, on the other hand, showed a and asphalt, and the decline in vegetative cover contribute to progressive concentration of higher temperatures in the significant alterations in LST patterns (Gohain et al., 2020). central zone of the city, attributed to the thermal inertia of The measurement of LST has become a vital tool for densely built-up areas with limited vegetation. These results understanding urban thermal dynamics and their highlight the critical role of urban structures and declining environmental implications. It can be assessed through green cover in shaping the city’s thermal environment. The ground-based methods, such as handheld radiation study underscores the need for climate-sensitive urban thermometers, or via satellite and aircraft-based sensors planning, recommending measures such as expanding green that measure thermal radiance from the land surface. spaces, enhancing vegetation, using reflective building Satellite-based methods, in particular, have gained materials, and implementing sustainable urban design prominence due to their ability to provide large-scale, practices to mitigate thermal challenges. By providing a consistent, and long-term observations. Using thermal detailed understanding of LST dynamics in Gandhinagar, this infrared (TIR) spectral channels, satellite data enables the research offers valuable insights for policymakers and urban derivation of LST values over expansive areas while planners to address urban heat islands and improve urban accounting for atmospheric attenuation effects (Eleftheriou livability. It also emphasizes the importance of long-term et al., 2018). monitoring of urban thermal environments to inform sustainable and adaptive urban development strategies. Urbanization is particularly relevant to cities in rapidly developing regions like India, where urban Key Words: Land Surface Temperature, MODIS, expansion has been occurring at an unprecedented pace. In Gandhinagar, Heat Islands, Urban Planning this context, the capital city of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, serves as a compelling case study. Gandhinagar, designed as a 1. Introduction planned city in the mid-20th century, has experienced significant urban growth over recent decades. The city's The world is grappling with a continuous rise in transformation, driven by infrastructural development and global temperatures, a phenomenon primarily attributed to population growth, has likely impacted its thermal rapid urbanization (Mathew et al., 2018). Urbanization, environment, with implications for both the environment characterized by the transformation of natural landscapes and public health. into built environments, has been identified as a significant
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