International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 11 | Nov 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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A Review and Study on stabilization of Sand using Sugarcane Bagasse, Yeast, Human Hair Fibers and Lime Aman Ujjwal1, Prashant Sinha1, Sourav Soni1, Bindhu Lal2 1Former Undergraduate student, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology
Mesra, Ranchi, India
2Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------support any overlying structure as the shear strength of sand Abstract - During earthquakes medium to fine sands (cohesionless) is totally governed by the overburden effective stresses. Increasing the shear strength and stiffness of sand with the help of some stabilization methods to tackle such situations, can avert great damages like building collapse, tilting and toppling. Any soil stabilization technique aims at increasing the shear strength of soil and subsequently its bearing capacity and decreasing its permeability and compressibility. Several works have been done for improvement of soil taking cost also as a governing factor. Soil improvement techniques can be broadly divided into four main categories [11]:
become unstable due to liquefaction as a result of application of cyclic loads during earthquakes (the resulting high porewater pressures reduce the effective stresses to zero). Several microbiology-based techniques have been manifested with time to counteract this and one amongst them is Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP). Conventionally, MICP includes the bacteria with ureasic activity. The carbonate ions produced, by the metabolism of bacteria in presence of urea, react with externally added calcium ions to give calcium carbonate, a cementitious material called bio cement, thereby improving the shear strength of sand. In this work, an effort has been made to check the adequacy of certain unprecedented materials in MICP after a thorough study. For this, Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) has been used in place of Urea and edible Yeast cells instead of urea bacteria. Sugarcane bagasse, being a potential solid waste, has been found to have some sucrose content and moisture. Thus, by alcoholic fermentation of sucrose and/or plant glucose present in bagasse, through yeast, in an anaerobic saturated environment within sand pores, CO 2 can be produced, which get converted to carbonate ions to react with externally added calcium ions (from added lime) to produce calcium carbonate (bio cement). Additionally, Human Hair Fibers of requisite aspect ratio have been used as reinforcement, which would further increase the shear strength of sand. The aim has been to develop only the stabilized samples of sand for Unconfined Compressive Strength test in compliance with the IS code.
(1) Soil improvement without admixtures (for non-cohesive soils: vibro-compaction, dynamic-compaction, explosive compaction, electric pulse compaction and surface compaction, and for cohesive soils: soil replacement/displacement method, preloading using fill and prefabricated using vertical drains, preloading using vacuum, dynamic consolidation with enhanced drainage and vacuum, electro-osmosis or electro-kinetic consolidation, thermal stabilization using heating or freezing etc.). (2) Soil improvement with admixtures or inclusions (vibroreplacement or stone columns, dynamic replacement, sand compaction piles, geotextile confined columns, controlled modulus columns, multiple stepped piles etc.). (3) Soil improvement using stabilization with grouting type admixtures (particulate grouting, jet grouting, chemical grouting, mixing methods etc.). (4) Earth Reinforcements (using Geosynthetics, anchors and biological reinforcing with vegetation roots).
Key Words: Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation, Sugarcane Bagasse, Yeast, Human Hair Fibers, Lime
Now a days, interests towards ‘Microbiological Geotechnology’ are widening which includes the processes of bio clogging and bio cementation seeking to reduce the permeability and to increase the shear strength of the soil. These biological techniques have been successfully implemented in sands for controlling their properties. Soil bio-cementation can be achieved through a very commonly adopted process that is; ‘Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP)’. In this technique, the bacteria secrete certain metabolic products under favourable conditions, which react with the ions present in the external environment to develop a cementing compound, Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) also called bio cement. This has also been categorized as Biologically Induced Mineralization (BIM) and
1.INTRODUCTION Sands too, are susceptible to damages under earthquakes due to liquefaction. Stabilization of sand is an effective technique for reducing the damages during liquefaction. Liquefaction is a geotechnical problem which arises due to the application of dynamic loads during earthquakes (seismic activities), in which soils get loaded under undrained conditions as dissipation of pore water is not possible in such a small time. This results in high porewater pressures which reduce the effective stresses to absolute zero. Sands under such conditions become unsuitable to
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