International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 11 | Nov 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A REVIEW ON PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE OF RC BUILDING FRAMES: ONE DIRECTION FAILURE Shubham M. Bakalkar1, P. J. Salunke2 1PG Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's College of Engineering and Technology
(MGMCET), Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2Head of Department, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's College of Engineering and
Technology (MGMCET), Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Progressive collapse is a critical failure
failure where the building's load-bearing capacity in one specific lateral direction (often due to seismic forces, wind loads, or other horizontal pressures) is insufficient. This leads to progressive collapse, where the failure of key elements such as columns, beams, or joints in a particular direction causes the structure to tilt, lean, or fall in that direction.
phenomenon where the localized failure of one structural component triggers a chain reaction, leading to partial or complete collapse of the structure. This study focuses on progressive collapse propagation in one direction, examining factors such as structural configuration, load redistribution, and failure mechanisms. Structures with weak load paths, insufficient redundancy, or irregular configurations are particularly vulnerable to such collapses, especially under dynamic loads like seismic events. Analytical and numerical modeling methods have been used to simulate these failures and identify critical structural elements. Design strategies, including enhanced robustness and improved load path continuity, are essential to mitigate progressive collapse risks. Understanding the directional propagation of collapse is crucial for developing resilient structures and improving current building codes. Key Words: Progressive collapse, one-direction collapse, load redistribution, structural failure, seismic vulnerability, collapse propagation, structural robustness, redundancy, failure mechanism, building codes.
Fig.1: Collapsed Building Due to Earthquake
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
The collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings due to failure in one direction has raised serious concerns, especially in areas susceptible to seismic activity or strong lateral forces like wind. Several disastrous incidents over the years have exposed the vulnerability of these structures to progressive collapse, particularly when lateral resistance in one direction is lacking. Many of these collapses have occurred due to design deficiencies, improper construction practices, or insufficient understanding of seismic forces and their impact on structures These failures often stem from design flaws, poor construction practices, or a limited understanding of seismic forces and their effects on buildings.
Structural failures during an earthquake often originate at points of weakness within a building system. These weaknesses are caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, and geometry, which can lead to progressive deterioration and ultimately result in structural collapse. Buildings exhibiting these discontinuities are classified as irregular structures, and they constitute a substantial portion of modern urban infrastructure. Among various types of irregularities, vertical irregularities are a major cause of structural failure during earthquakes. For instance, structures with soft stories have been notably prone to collapse. This highlights the critical importance of understanding the effects of vertical irregularities on the seismic performance of buildings.
Progressive collapse refers to a scenario where local failure of one or more such a failure occurs in one direction (either along the X or Y axis), the collapse can propagate throughout the structure due to the interconnected nature of the structural system. A collapse of a reinforced concrete (RC) frame building in one direction refers to the structural
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The dynamic characteristics of buildings with vertically irregular configurations differ significantly from those of regular buildings. According to IS 1893:2002, a building is considered vertically irregular when the
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