International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 11 | Nov 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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6G Network – A Literature Review Binu Sudhakaran Pillai1 1Senior Systems Engineer – Systems Engineering, Axyom.Core
15073 Brooks Ln, Frisco, Texas, USA 75035 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Telecom Operators have commercially deployed
the 5G telecommunication systems, providing 5G telecom users with the latest services, improved customer experience, and various industrial opportunities like Private 5G. There are few gaps and challenges in 5G services, so various international industrial, academic, and standards organizations have collaborated to research sixth generation (6G) wireless telecommunication systems. Much research, white papers, and survey papers have been published worldwide, which aim to define 6G in terms of industrial and user requirements, various application scenarios, and future technologies. The International Telecommunication Union for Radio has finalized its vision on 6G and how 6G should function; the related international discussions are still in progress. This paper provides the challenges of 5G and benefits and future vision for 6G, futuristic technical requirements, and telecommunication application scenarios, covering the visualization of 6G. Later, we will discuss the 6G network architecture and its latest technologies. To close with, we will discuss the lessons learned related to 6G networks.
Fig1. 1G-5G: Antennas, multiple access technologies, and services. Today the 5G base stations exploit massive MIMO (Multipleinput multiple-output) [1], mmWave, and UDN (Ultra-dense networking) technologies [2], supporting up to sixty four transceivers with more antenna elements. Commercial 5G base station products using 128 antennas are mature, and massive MIMO base stations will have up to 384 antennas. In addition, 5G Networks supports augmented reality (AR), Internet of Everything (IoE) and virtual reality (VR).
Key Words: 6G (Sixth Generation), mmWave (Millimeter wave), 6G application scenarios, 6G network architecture, 6G key technologies, 6G trends.
1.INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of Telecommunication applications, communication technologies undergo revolutionary changes every decade. Up till today, the development of telecommunication systems has undergone various generations. Starting the first generation (1G) analog communication systems to fifth generation (5G) digital communication systems, each generation incorporates higher frequencies, larger bandwidths, and higher data rates. Since 2019, 5G has been commercialized by US Telecom operators, employing sub-6 Giga Hertz and millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, with a peak rate of 20 Gigabits per second. From the architecture’s perspective, telecommunication systems have evolved towards more modern antennas, Service advancements, and Advanced multiple access technologies, as shown in Fig. 1.
1.1 5G Limitations and Challenges Although 5G offers significant improvements over fourth generation (4G) communication systems, it still has several limitations. Currently, there are applications and services requiring better communication performance that is beyond 5G’s capabilities, such as global coverage, ultra-high data rate transmission, ultra-low latency, ultra-dense connection, high precision positioning, ultra-reliable and safe connection, low power consumption, high energy efficiency (EE), as well as ubiquitous intelligence. To address these limitations, we need 6G. Ultrahigh data transmission rate needs to be significantly improved so that the peak data rate can reach Tera bits per second level, supporting services such as ultra-highdefinition video and telemedicine. At low transmission speed, the end-to-end (E2E) latency needs to be less than 1 millisecond, while at high speed, the latency should reach the microsecond level. The connection density should reach 108 devices/square-kilometer, meeting
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