International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 01 | Jan 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges Mitaali Jayant Gilbile1, Vivek Sangramsingh Ghatage2, Gaurav Sampat Patil3, Pradip Hindurao Patil4, Shweta Shivaji Nikam5 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, D. Y. Patil Technical Campus, Talsande, Kolhapur 2,3,4,5 UG Students, Department of Civil Engineering, D. Y. Patil Technical Campus, Talsande, Kolhapur
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Abstract - An ever-increasing population and economic
transverse diaphragms, and parapets. Composite steelconcrete girder has high flexural strength and torsional stiffness and it has low self-weight. This superstructure widening solution provide a safeguard for bridge widening work and traffic flow.
growth of India escalating in traffic volume. For this increase in volume of traffic, infrastructures such as roads and bridges are becoming inadequate to fulfill the current traffic demand. To solve this problem infrastructures are need to be upgrade. Modernizing or upgrading infrastructure helps to mitigate traffic problems, provide safety for the traffic stream. Many existing bridges cannot meet their current traffic demand. To cope up with traffic problem bridge widening becomes necessary. Widening of existing bridges saves lot of time and money instead of constructing a new bridge. This paper summarizes studies and research carried out on widening of existing concrete bridges in various countries.
In this study they have developed methods for estimating live load distribution factors of a widened bridge with different types of girders. First, the field test was conducted on widened bridge for the assessment of deflections and longitudinal strains at mid-span of girders. As per the design code of China the field test was conducted with 5 different loading cases using 6 fully loaded three-axle dump trucks. Then live distribution factors were calculated from measured displacements and longitudinal strains using various expressions. The distribution factors obtained from the expressions were nearly equal for each girder where it is larger for the composite girder and getting smaller towards the last concrete girder. Proposed analytical methods which are Rigid jointed method and Flexible jointed method were used to determine live load distribution factors. Also, finite element analysis using MSC Marc program was used to validate results obtained from the proposed analytical methods. After evaluating distribution factors obtained from field test and theoretical analysis, they were compared with each other. From this study they have concluded that the proposed analytical methods provide a better result for determining load distribution factors. Also result from two detailed finite element models gave accurately same result as obtained from field test. It would be more effective in decreasing the distribution factors for intermediate girders if bridge widened on both sides rather than that widened on a single side. (1)
Key Words: Traffic volume, Modernizing, Existing bridge, Stitching
1.INTRODUCTION Bridges are used to cross an obstacle like a river or a valley for the safe movement of vehicles or pedestrians over it. Existing bridges are becoming inadequate to cope up with current traffic demand. Engineers have two options for bridge modernization either they can construct a new bridge by demolishing old one or they can widen an existing bridge. Due to many reasons such as time, money and traffic disruption during construction it becomes more economical to widen an existing bridge rather than constructing a new bridge. Widening of an existing bridge can be easily done when it is functionally obsolete. If it is structurally deficient then it can be either retrofitted and then widened or it can be required to demolish. Various techniques can be used for widening an existing bridge. Some of the studies across the globe are summarized below,
Mohammad M. Hamdan (2023) carried a detailed study on widening of an existing bridge structure in the UAE. They have given various challenges encountered and their implemented solutions during the process of widening. The widening of the bridge was executed by constructing a new bridge beside the existing bridge and connected by stitching with each other to form a new bridge. The existing and new bridge were made from post-tensioned voided concrete. The main challenges they faced were replacing existing bridge bearing, stitching work, adjusting levels in old and new structures and matching expansion joint gaps. First, they
Yue Yang et al. (2015) presented a detailed study on Bridge widening technique with a composite steel-concrete girder. This technique of widening has been used in various bridge widening projects in China and one of from those projects was selected for the study. The selected bridge was the Niuerhe Bridge located in Chongqing, China. The bridge was an 11-span simply supported multi-girder (6) highway bridge with 4 lanes made of prestressed concrete. The widening is only done for one side of superstructure of the bridge which consist of steel girders, concrete slab,
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