International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 10 | Oct 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Latency-Optimized VLSI Circuit Design for High-Performance RealTime Systems Awaiz Khan1, Kiran Kumar2 1,2 RVCE, Bangalore, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1.1 Challenges in Low-Latency VLSI Design Abstract - In the realm of real-time processing systems, minimizing latency while optimizing power and area remains paramount. This paper introduces an advanced, comprehensive framework for the design of low-latency VLSI circuits, emphasizing architectural innovations such as synchronous pipeline optimization, multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) techniques, adaptive clock-gating methodologies, voltage and frequency scaling, and clock-distribution networks enhanced by dynamic topology optimization. Our methodology also integrates parallel computation paths, asynchronous data transfer methods, and speculative execution strategies. Extensive simulations using a 45nm CMOS process demonstrate the practical applicability of these methods in real-time applications, including automotive sensor fusion and AI-based edge computing. The results reveal latency reductions of up to 40% with minimal impact on power consumption and area. Additionally, we explore the inclusion of cross-layer design principles and heterogeneous integration to further improve latency and performance.
At advanced technology nodes, physical constraints such as increased parasitic effects, variability, and signal integrity issues add complexity to achieving the desired latency targets. Transistor delay scaling has slowed significantly, making architectural innovations at higher abstraction levels—such as pipeline design, clock-gating, and power management—critical[2]. The challenge is amplified by the need to balance multiple performance metrics, including power, area, and reliability. This paper presents a multifaceted design framework that amalgamates latency-reduction strategies at both the architectural and circuit levels, leveraging a combination of synchronous and asynchronous techniques to create highperformance, real-time VLSI designs.
2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Design Strategy Overview
Key Words: Latency-Optimized VLSI Design, Real-Time Systems, Pipeline Optimization, Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS), Clock Gating Techniques, Asynchronous Data Transfer, Speculative Execution, Deep Pipelining, Parallelism in VLSI Circuits, Adaptive Body Biasing (ABB), Distributed Clock Tree Synthesis (CTS), LowPower VLSI Design, Near-Threshold Computing (NTC), Sub-7nm CMOS Process, Edge Computing, Digital Signal Processing (DSP), AI-Based Inference Engine, Automotive Sensor Fusion, Temporal Partitioning Techniques, Voltage Scaling Strategies.
Designing circuits optimized for latency requires a holistic approach that spans multiple abstraction levels. Our approach encompasses five core pillars:
Pipeline Optimization Partitioning.
Clock Distribution and Adaptive Clock Gating.
Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) and Adaptive Body Biasing. Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS).
Asynchronous Data Transfer and Heterogeneous Parallelism
1.INTRODUCTION The exponential growth in demand for real-time systems, particularly in critical fields such as automotive electronics, digital signal processing (DSP), and AI-based edge computing, requires high-performance VLSI circuits with low-latency characteristics. Latency is defined as the total delay from input to output in a system and can have a profound effect on overall system performance. The shift toward sub-7nm process technologies has exacerbated the difficulty of minimizing latency while adhering to stringent power and area constraints. Low-power high-level synthesis methods have shown to be effective in balancing power and performance in real-time systems[1].
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and
Temporal
Each of these components is tailored to reduce latency without incurring significant penalties in power consumption or die area.
2.1 Design Strategy Overview Distributed Clock Tree Synthesis (CTS): Latency in modern circuits is often dominated by clock distribution networks (CDNs). To mitigate clock-related delays, we employ distributed CTS that decomposes the clock tree into localized clock domains. This hierarchical clock distribution
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