International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 10 | Oct 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
BIO-SEQUESTARTION OF CO2 USING MICROALGAE Vedalaxmi1, Prathvi S Kundar2, Rajashekar Mali Patil3 , Rajendraprasad D R4 , DR. B.M Krishna5, Shivaprasad K. S6. 1Student, Dept. Environmental Engineering, JSS S&TU, Mysuru. 2Student, Dept. Environmental Engineering, JSS S&TU, Mysuru. 3Student, Dept. Environmental Engineering, JSS S&TU, Mysuru. 4Student, Dept. Environmental Engineering, JSS S&TU, Mysuru.
5Associate Professor, Dept. Environmental Engineering, JSS S&TU, Mysuru. 6Assistant Professor, Dept. Environmental Engineering, JSS S&TU, Mysuru.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract
sustainable process to reduce the damage on the environment. Among the different technologies for capturing CO2, the use of microalgae, which are photosynthetic microorganisms that can naturally fix CO2 from 10 to 50 times that of terrestrial plants to produce O2 (Cheng et al., 2022). Bio-sequestration emerges as a promising solution to tackle the harsh effects of climate change on our environment, offering a natural and eco-friendly approach. It involves utilizing microalgae, tiny organisms found in water, to capture and store CO2. Carbon sinks are these amazing natural systems that take in and soak up a whole bunch of carbon dioxide from the air. they're like the Earth's super cleaners. They come from places like forests, oceans, soil, wetlands, and grasslands
The threatening crisis of climate change and pollution resulting from various anthropogenic interventions has attracted worldwide attention over the last few decades. However, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) methods are still unclear. To overcome this global issue, biological Microalgae can be used for capturing of CO2. This study involving the utilization of various sensors and boards, such as the MG811 CO2 sensor, Arduino UNO, and DHT11 for monitoring temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels. The results and discussions highlighted the impact of factors like temperature and air supply on algal growth and its CO2 capture efficiency. Mixed culture microalgae showed maximum CO 2 removal efficiency of 23.36% with a low air flow rate at indoor conditions, for a run time of 180 minutes. At the end of the lab scale experimental study 3 gram of biomass from mixed culture was generated as result of CO2 sequestration. The study emphasized the importance of microalgae and sensors in sustainable way to capture CO2 from the ambient air. Algae can be extensively used to capture CO2 from various point sources. Besides giving environmental and economic benefit. Overall, the project delved into the potential of mixed algal cultures for bio-sequestration of CO2, showcasing promising results for environmental sustainability.
1.1 Carbon sequestration Sequestration is generally of three types - physical, chemical and biological methods. Most of the technologies are used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, widely sequestration methods are used to capture carbon. Direct air capture, oxy-combustion, precombustion, post combustion is some of the carbon sequestration methods (Narinder Singh et al. 2023). By trim and fill analysis, it is estimated that carbon capture cost comprises of over 80% of total Carbon capture and storage (CCS) cost (Gal Hochman and Vijay Appasamy, 2024).
Key Words: Climate change, carbon capture and storage (CCS), Microalgae, MG811, DHT11, mixed culture, spirulina, sustainability
1.2 Role of microalgae in bio-sequestration The role of microalgae in bio sequestration is pivotal for mitigating climate change, as these microscopic organisms efficiently capture and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Through photosynthesis, microalgae convert CO2 into biomass, which can be harvested and processed to sequester carbon for extended periods. Their rapid growth rates and high biomass productivity make them effective carbon sinks, while their versatility allows for various applications, including bioenergy production and bioremediation. Harnessing the potential of microalgae in carbon capture offers a sustainable solution to combatting rising CO2 levels and mitigating the impacts of climate change.
1.INTRODUCTION Excessive release of greenhouse gases (GHG’s) and increase in the concentration of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in recent time have aroused the attention of everyone due to the serious threat they represent to the environment and human health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that seven million deaths a year are the product of environmental pollution arising from GHGs and it is predicted that these deaths may amount to up to nine million in 2060 if the growing trend in CO2 and GHG emissions continues (Qin. 2022). In this regard, it is necessary to capture CO2 through an environmentally
© 2024, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.315
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 20