International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 08 | Aug 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Review: Utilizing Machine Learning Techniques for Timely Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease Mohd Azhan Umar kamil1, Muneeba Rahman2, Ahsan Waseem3, Mohd Dayyan Ali4, Mohd Talha Khursheed5 1,2Student, Department of Computer Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh
3Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh
4Student, Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 5Student, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The second-most dangerous neurological
We examined various research articles published until 2022 to gain a comprehensive understanding of the data formats and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques utilized in Parkinson's disease research and diagnosis. The aim was to address the challenge of distinguishing subjective diseases from healthy individuals who exhibit similar medical features by employing machine learning (ML) methods. Through our analysis of 30 academic papers, we discovered that the use of ML methods and novel biomarkers has great potential in improving the diagnostic process for PD, thereby enhancing clinical decision-making.
condition, Parkinson's disease (PD), has a history of lowering people's quality of life (QOL). Parkinson's disease is a neurological condition that worsens over time, caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It is characterized by slow movements, tremors, rigidity in the limbs, and changes in gait such as an abnormal forward-leaning posture, a shuffling gait, a tendency to take small rapid steps, difficulty initiating movement, and a higher risk of losing balance and falling. However, the initial symptoms of Parkinson's disease may be subtle and easily missed, leading to a delayed diagnosis after significant neuronal damage has already occurred.
Key Words: PD, Parkinson’s Disease, Neuro-degenerative, Dopamine, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Neuroimaging, Gait datasets, Voice-based datasets.
Early PD discovery allows for prompt treatment intervention, which lowers morbidity. However, The elderly population, which has a higher prevalence of Parkinson's disease, often experiences progressive slowness due to other health conditions, it can be difficult to correctly identify PD, especially in the early stages. Recent improvements in imaging, biomarker analysis, and other diagnostic tools have made it easier to detect PD early. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to detect changes in the substantia nigra and other brain regions, while biomarker analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and blood has revealed changes in the levels of specific proteins associated with PD. Additionally, several behavioral and cognitive tests have been created to examine the early signs of Parkinson's disease (PD). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a type of medical imaging method that creates detailed images of the retina without the need for invasive procedures. By using light waves, OCT can produce high-quality and precise images of the retina. The use of Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has made it possible to measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), which is proving to be a useful tool in the early detection of Parkinson's disease. OCT is a promising method for early diagnosis because research has indicated that individuals with Parkinson's disease exhibit significantly lower RNFL thickness compared to healthy individuals.
© 2023, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.226
1. INTRODUCTION The human brain is the body's main processing center, even a relatively modest injury to one area of the body can have far-reaching effects on the rest of the body. PD [1] is one of its hidden effects. Parkinson's disease is a type of incurable neurological disorder that worsens over time [2]. Around the world, approximately 9.4 million individuals were still affected by this illness in the year 2020 [3]. People over the age of 60 are most likely to get this disease. Only 4% of people under the age of 50 get it [4]. There are both motor and non-motor signs of this disease [5]. Movement slowness, The major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease include tremors, difficulty walking, unstable stance, rapid eye movement problems, and shivering. [6,7]. Low blood pressure, sweating, weariness, constipation, urinary issues, and weight loss are among non-motor symptoms [8]. According to research, speech and voice acoustic problems are present in 90% of individuals with Parkinson's disease [9]. These issues may include microphonia, dysarthria, monochromatic speech, and dysphonia [10]. Therefore, the loss of one's voice is often the first symptom of this illness [11]. While there is
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 444