International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 08 | Aug 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Production of single cell protein from different food waste Rajalaxmi S1, Namrata Patil2, Nargees Kousar3, S Narendra Kumar* 1,2,3MTech Student, Department of Biotechnology, R.V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
*Prof, Department of Biotechnology, R.V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------issues with increase in the availability of various available Abstract - Proteins are one of the most important nutrients
sources of protein. Legislations related to novel food or genetic modification need to investigate the relevant regulatory framework to ensure the safety of alternative proteins. Lastly, additional studies on the food safety aspects of alternative proteins are urgently needed for providing relevant food governing authorities with sufficient data to oversee that the technological progress in this area is balanced with robust safety standards[2].
required for both human as well as animal health. There is a need to find new solutions to suffice the world population's demand for protein consumption which cannot be obtained just by consuming plant-based protein or animal-based protein. Hence, the best alternative would be to switch to Single Cell Protein (SCP) which would also serve to improve the world's food security and scarcity. The food wastes have the potential to be used by microorganisms as substrate during fermentation processes to produce single cell protein. This review focuses on the utilization of several food wastes as a substrate through the process of batch fermentation to produce single cell protein using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the source of microorganism. Comparative analysis of application of orange peel, banana peel, apple peel, pineapple peel and fish waste as substrate to produce single cell protein has shown that they all can be used together without the need for segregation. The product obtained yielded a good protein content and hence, could be used as a potential protein substitute for animal feed. More sustainable and economical methods of producing single cell protein are being discovered by researchers all over the world. Hence, the application of single cell protein for both human as well as animal feed could be a great alternative solution to protein sources through simultaneous bio-valorization of food waste.
1.1 Single Cell Protein In order to meet the need for animal-derived protein at present consumption rates and feed the world's population, it has been estimated that the globe must produce at least 1,250 million tons of meat and dairy annually by 2050. Consequently, a major issue in a society with a continuously growing population is the consumption of proteins that are both affordable and readily available while also satisfying environmental and social concerns[3].Therefore, food security will be a matter of global concern that is tough to address with existing methods of agriculture and constrained by the depletion of natural resources and climate change. To enhance the effectiveness of the food production system and to decrease the negative externalities of agriculture, novel technologies are urgently needed. Hence, the production of microbial protein in extremely controlled, intensive systems known as bioreactors is one of the most cutting-edge technologies to which, both science and business are developing attention[4].
Key Words: Proteins, Single Cell Protein, Animal feed, Fermentation, Food wastes, Bio-valorization
1. INTRODUCTION
Unicellular edible microorganisms are referred to as Single Cell Proteins (SCP) or microbial proteins which are characterized as biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungus, or bacteria. It can be used as additives or substitute for protein-rich meals and is safe for human consumption as well as animal feed. Protein has vital roles in maintaining life through its control of biological processes and use in bodybuilding. Humans as well as animals need an adequate quantity of protein, which cannot be obtained solely through conventional sources. This is a result of the world population's fast growth. Researchers are investigating the creation of Single Cell Protein (SCP), a different protein source, using wastes and low-value materials which, can provide both people and animals with high-quality protein containing both essential and non-essential amino acids[5], [6].
One of the basic macronutrients that are extremely important for the structural and functional component of life is protein. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) refers to proteins as macromolecules. They are essential for the function of cells, tissue, muscles, and organs. A protein's amino acid composition determines how nutrient-dense it is. Only by consuming a range of protein sources can one obtain the bulk of the essential amino acids. The consumption of several nutrients found in food is necessary for adequate human nutrition. The necessary amino acids are found in proteins, which are important macronutrients. The nutritional quality of a protein supply might vary depending on its amino acid composition, bioavailability and individual body requirements[1]. Although there are many sources of proteins available for human consumption there has been a need to investigate the food security and environmental
© 2023, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.226
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 323