International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 08 | Aug 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Sol-gel auto-combustion produced gamma irradiated Ni1-xCdxFe2O4 nanoparticles:TGA, UV-Vis spectra, and Raman spectroscopy Manisha R. Patila, S.D. Moreb, K.K. Kadam b , K.M. Jadhav b aDepartment of Physics, Deogiri College, Aurangabad 431001 INDIA
bDepartment of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambdekar Marathwada University Aurangabad431001 INDIA
------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This work discusses the thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis spectroscopic absorption, and Raman active modes of gamma-irradiated Ni1-xCdxFe2O4NPs with a total dose of 50 Mrad. Ni1-xCdxFe2O4NPs were made using the wet-chemical sol-gel assisted auto-combustion method (x = 0.0 and 0.1). Ni1-xCdxFe2O4NPs' thermal study and physical characteristics revealed that they were exothermic between 150 and 600 °C and endothermic at that temperature. To support the phase formation study, the specific active modes T2g (1), T2g (2), T2g (3), and A1g in the Raman spectra were examined.Ni1-xCdxFe2O4NPs (x = 0.0 and 0.1) were reported to have UV-Vis spectral absorption values of at λ = ~292.4 Å; ~340.2 Å; and 340.2 for NiFe2O4 NPs and ~340.77 Å; ~563.28 Å for Ni1-xCdxFe2O4NPs exposed to gamma radiation. Using a Tauc's plot and the "Kubelka-Munk function," which was claimed to be between 1.41 and 1.5 eV, the optical bandgap was calculated.
Keywords: TGA; Ferrite; NPs; Raman spectra; UV-Vis spectra, gamma irradiation 1. Introduction Ever since humans first began to evolve, "iron" and its oxides have been associated with human culture[1, 2]. Since antiquity, ferrites have been recognized as the stones that may attract and magnetize when exposed to an external magnetic field[3]. The researchers have been examining the cubic spinel ferrite's structural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic properties as well as all of its potential uses. The crucial subgroup of magnetic materials is made up of mixed transition metal oxides, which are frequently used for catalytic activities such as selective oxidation, selective reduction, dehydrogenation, semi conductive characteristics etc.[4].Studies has focused on nano crystalline materials because they offer a fresh and superior physical and chemical prospective that is not yet expressed with the bulk. These materials range in size from 1 nm to 100 nm. Spinel, which represent ferrites' significance in all potential sectors, have been grouped into three major classes based on their crystal structure, like ZnFe2O4, NiFe2O4, Zn/NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, MnFe2O4, and MgFe2O4, etc.[5].The general specification of the ferrites' structural architecture is as follows[6, 7]; [
] [
(1)
]
It's interesting to note that ferrite still has the best magnetic and electrical characteristics, which makes them adaptable materials with high resistivity, minimal dielectric losses, mechanical hardness, and high Currie temperature. These ferrites are suited for high-frequency applications because to their chemical stability. The spinels also possess stunning physical and chemical characteristics, including better permeability, fewer eddy current losses, and higher saturation magnetization[8, 9]etc. Owing to their prospective uses in storage devices and high-frequency device applications, interest in nano crystalline ferrite has continued to grow[10, 11]. multiple imaging methods, pharmaceutical, the spatial and temporal resolution of diagnostic techniques [12], antibacterial, surgical implants, genetic engineering [13], medical appliances, particularly in the sterilization process [14], thus they have a significant potential for applications in the field of biomedicine [15, 16].The surface's magneto crystalline anisotropy, spins' canting, a super paramagnetic motion, and shape recovery[17].Nickel ferrite are suitable for catalytic activities, transformer core [18, 19], etc. inductors, electric motors, and many more.Among the range of spinel-type ferrites, nickel ferrite [ ] has been focused on due to various applications. NiFe2O4 belongs to an inverse type spinel structure with on [B]-site; and distributed equally at [B]-site and [A]-site. It was aimed to expand the unit cell of NiFe2O4; or increasing lattice constant by doping of the divalent cadmium (Cd2+) into the interstices by forming Ni1-xCdxFe2O4(x = 0.0 and 0.1) as the (Cd2+) has larger ionic radius 0.97Å as compared Ni 2+ 0.72Å [20]. The incremental lattice parameter can be studied according to the Vegard’s law [21].
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