International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 10 Issue: 08 | Aug 2023
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e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Three Receiver Coil System for Dynamic Wireless EV Charging Dynamic Charging of Electric Vehicles by Wireless Power Transfer Rahul Mittal Electrical Engineering Department, Arup USA INC, Los Angeles, CA, USA ----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------the range in a single charge and reducing the stop time. The Abstract— A conventional Dynamic Wireless EV Charging system uses a single receiver coil, which often results in increased current, higher losses, and the need for bulkier circuits. This also places a higher demand on the transmitter for consistent flux. This study introduces a design that incorporates three receiver coils in the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system, evenly spaced apart. It delves into the necessary modifications at the transmitter end and evaluates the implications on overall costs. The objective is to create a universal design compatible with any Electric Vehicle. The paper contrasts various transmitter coil designs and assesses the advantages of the three-coil system over the traditional single-coil setup. It concludes with a case study on the California freeway, highlighting the potential benefits, market forecasts, and environmental and economic outcomes of the dynamic charging method.
Keywords—electric vehicles; wireless power transfer; coil design; dynamic charging; coil placement; universal wireless power transfer design; three receiver coils; WPT case study I.
INTRODUCTION
Transportation sector accounts to nearly 28% of the total energy consumed in the United States. US with less than 5% of the world’s population is home to one-third of the total automobiles. Personal vehicles consume 60% of the total energy used for transportation. Eighty Six percent of this energy comes from burning of fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel in the cars [1]. Thus, finding alternative fuel sources or promoting the use of electric vehicles is extremely important to bring down this energy consumption and eventually the greenhouse emissions. In the past few decades, there have been some significant improvements in the battery technology. The battery capacity along with the energy density has drastically improved, so has the rate of charging. But to match the conventional cars, the batteries need to improve further, need to have higher energy density, lesser weight, smaller size, and faster charging capabilities to reduce the charging time, increasing Arup
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short range and high charge times is the most important reason why an EV is not popular for inter-city travel. Having a battery that can charge in the amount of time required to refuel a conventional internal combustion (IC) eengine car, as well as cover a distance comparable to that of conventional car, would make Electric Vehicles (EV’s) more desirable and popular amongst the users. Unless, such significant breakthroughs are achieved, alternative solutions need to be considered to promote the use of EV’s. One such notable solution, is a dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system [2], which seamlessly charges an electric vehicle on the go and can reduce or even eliminate the requirement to stop to charge the EV. With its invention back in the late 1800’s by Tesla, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has seen significant improvements. Moving on from electrical induction to magnetic induction, and successfully using resonance to the benefit in maximum power transfer efficiency through improvements in the coupling factor, the WPT technology is still continuously improving [3], [4]. We have reached the stage where all the energy required by an EV at any given time can be completely provided by WPT. But as this power levels becomes very high, the operating current need to also be is very high, so are the insulation and shielding requirements at both the transmitter and receiver end. This paper proposes the use of three receiver coils mounted on the car, to extract maximum power from the receiver. The three coils are placed equidistant from each other, the distance between which is determined by considering a pool of cars to make the design universal. The universal model, design considerations and the subsequent transmitter side design changes and benefits are also briefly discussed in the paper along with the impacts and changes to be made on the transmitter side of the WPT system. The Section II and III explains the Receiver Coil system with impact of charging capability on the coil design and corresponding considerations for single and three coil receiver system. The parameters for design calculations for a three-receiver coil system are explained further in Section III. Construction of Coils. The Transmitter end coil arrangement
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