International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 08 | Aug 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Development of a Carbon Paste Sensor for Floral Classification of Honey Samples Using ANN Subhasis Datta1, Kamalika Tiwari2, Santigopal Pain3 1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management Studies, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College Durgapur, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College Durgapur, India 3Controller of Examinations, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------tongue system and multivariate statistical analysis Abstract - An electronic tongue (E-tongue) was employed for
techniques, several authors have studied a more rapid assessment of the floral origin of honey [6-9]. It has been studied extensively by the authors in [10], about the chemical modification of voltammetric sensors, with different sensitivity due to chemical modification [11]. Carbonaceous materials consist of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and activated carbon and are well known for their large surface area, brilliant conductivity values, and low cost [12]. The researchers have established the use of carbon paste as a replacement for noble metals, heavily dependent on support electrolytes, and flexible to be applied together with positive and negative potential limits. CP is a versatile electrode material, being heavily dependent on support electrolytes and able to be utilized both for prospective ranges with positive and negative values. Studies of [13] also exhibited the characteristics of carbonaceous materials easy to modify with controlled cost and ease of handling. CP electrodes are currently utilized as a viable alternative to noble metals in certain applications, relying on the type of supporting electrolyte. The potential of the electrodes can be utilized in a range of both positive and negative references [14]. Furthermore, the carbon electrode is convenient to prepare, inexpensive, and easy to operate. Carbon paste electrodes are easy to modify depending upon the target analyte with easy renewal and miniaturization [15-16]. Therefore, carbonaceous materials are regularly used in multi-component electrochemical analyzes due to their easy availability and high capacity. They come in various forms depending on their compositions that serve as working electrodes in research using cyclic voltammetry. Glassy carbon and carbon paste electrodes are commonly used forms of carbon electrodes. A glassy carbon electrode is hard and electrochemically reactive with high conductivity [17].
the assessment of the different floral origins of honey using a fabricated Carbon Paste (CP) electrode and a commercially available glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Two distinct types of carbonaceous electrodes are studied as sensors for the floral classification of honey samples established on cyclic voltammetry. The transient response of both electrodes is studied and evaluated with multivariate data analysis. The principal component analysis result showed a promising response of 97.14 % variance noted for CP electrodes against 93.99 % variance for GC electrodes. The separability index of 15.78 for carbon paste electrodes seems encouraging as compared to the separability index of 11.85 for GC electrodes. The resultant raw data is used as input variable for ANN model. The findings suggest CP sensor as a promising alternative in determining the floral type of honey as it is inexpensive, easy to fabricate, and having greater electrochemical reactivity. Key Words: Honey, voltammetric electronic tongue, glassy carbon electrode, carbon paste electrode.
1. INTRODUCTION With the rising complexity of liquid analysis, innovation in the development of sensors is of prime importance. Electronic tongues comprised of different chemical sensors based upon variations in sensing principles are used as sensor arrays [1]. The response of an electronic tongue in quality classification solely depends on the sensing principle of the sensor and the sensing material [2]. Electronic tongues are a collection of chemical sensors with cross-sensitive responses to various components, operating under discrete transduction mechanisms, combined with data treatment procedures to investigate intricate liquid systems. The electronic tongue helps predict the concentration of the sample's target analytes and is frequently used for qualitative analysis of the sample under study. It comprises two major functional blocks i.e., the array of sensors and the data processing unit [3].
The intention of this research is to explore the influence of commercial glass electrodes and CP electrodes on the identification of the floral aroma of honey tested according to the cyclic voltammetry method [9][18]. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) are used to analyze the transient response obtained from the GC and CP Electrodes.
An arrangement of metallic electrodes based on iridium, gold, rhodium, platinum, and palladium is often used in a standard three-electrode arrangement to create a voltammetric electronic tongue. [4-5]. Using the electronic
© 2023, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.226
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 740