International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 7 | July 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Proposed Methodology to Reduce Congestion in Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks by Determining the Direction of Vehicles in Aleppo city Mohammad Hammadi1, Souheil Khawatmi2, Bader eddin Kassab3 1pursuing a M. S. Computer Networks at the Faculty of Informatics Engineering,
University of Aleppo, Syria.
2associate professor at the Faculty of Informatics Engineering, University of Aleppo, Syria.
3associate professor at the Faculty of Informatics Engineering, University of Aleppo, Syria.
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Abstract - The dynamic nature of vehicular ad hoc network
VANETs can be classified into two types: infrastructurebased and infrastructure-less. In an infrastructure-based VANET, communication is facilitated through roadside units (RSUs) that are deployed along the road network. RSUs act as access points and relay messages between vehicles and the central infrastructure. In contrast, in an infrastructureless VANET, communication is entirely peer-to-peer, and vehicles self-organize and coordinate their communication without the need for any centralized infrastructure.
(VANET) induced by frequent topology changes and node mobility, imposes critical challenges for vehicular communications. Aggravated by the high volume of information dissemination among vehicles over limited bandwidth, the topological dynamics of VANET causes congestion in the communication channel, which is the primary cause of problems such as message drop, delay, and degraded quality of service. To mitigate this congestion, congestion control algorithms were used in vehicle networks. These algorithms depend on several factors to reduce congestion, including the message sending power factor or the message sending rate factor. In some algorithms, the two factors were combined together. In this article, an improvement mechanism was proposed on an algorithm based on the power factor to control congestion. The results showed the effectiveness of the mechanism and its positive impact on the vehicle network, which positively affects the performance of vehicle networks in general.
VANETs face several challenges, including limited bandwidth, high mobility of vehicles, and security and privacy issues, among others. Nevertheless, VANETs have the potential to revolutionize the transportation system by enabling various applications such as collision avoidance, traffic management, emergency response, and infotainment services. Overall, VANETs are an exciting and rapidly evolving field of research, and their potential benefits make them a promising technology for the future of transportation.
Key Words: VANETs, congestion control algorithm, NCaAC, SAE-DCC, Adaptive Power Level Control Algorithm
2. System architecture and network operation The VANET consists of many vehicles (nodes), and the number of vehicles connected to VANETs exceeds 750 million vehicles worldwide daily [2]. These vehicles need a central controller to control them, and they can communicate with each other by using short waves (5.9GHz) as an ad-hoc connection. The routers used to help vehicles to communicate are called Road Side Units (RSUs). They forward packet between vehicles all the way, and at the same time, they are connected to other VANET networks. Each vehicle contains an On-Board Unit (OBU) communication unit that can connect to RSU via short-range radio signals, Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC), and other devices. As shown in Fig. 1, vehicles can communicate with each other and with roadside units.
1.INTRODUCTION A Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) that enables communication among vehicles and between vehicles and roadside infrastructure using wireless communication technologies. VANETs have emerged as a promising solution to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and passengers' comfort, among other benefits. In a VANET, each vehicle is equipped with a wireless communication device that allows it to exchange information with other nearby vehicles and roadside infrastructure. The communication can be either vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) depending on the type of communication and the network's architecture. Vehicles can share information such as their location, speed, acceleration, and direction, as well as traffic conditions, road hazards, and weather conditions.
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