International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | July 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
"A methodology for assessing to what extent are resilient cities facing and adapting to risks" 2
Aya Al-sayed Abdel tawab ayoub1, Ehab Mahmoud Bayoumi Okba , Mohga Imam Imbaby Hassan3. Architectural Engineering Department - Fayoum University - (specializing in environmental design and planning). 2 Professor of Architecture and Environmental Design, Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University. 3 Professor of Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University. -----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------1
Abstract: Cities are complex systems in constant
confrontation with dangers, due to the many dangers that cities are exposed to, the most important of which are: Economic (lack of resources), risks and natural disasters, where natural disasters are among the most severe types of risks to which the globe is exposed, climate change and its natural threats, human risks and disruption of ecosystems. These factors all bring about drastic changes in the city, urban components and fixed assets. Natural phenomena are considered one of the most important dangers and challenges fac-ing the human race throughout its history. Many societies in the Arab countries have suffered and are still suffering from the occurrence of these phenomena and the resulting serious social, economic and psychological effects. Recent years have seen an increasing convergence between dis-aster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, but they have not fully overlapped. In general, disaster risk reduction addresses all risks, while climate change adaptation addresses risks associ-ated with climate changes. Resilience is the ability of a system, entity, society or person to with-stand shocks while maintaining its basic functions. It is the ability to recover quickly, effectively and with greater strength from disasters and the ability to withstand greater stress. The research concludes with extracting the evaluation methodology for the risks faced by cities through a set of dimensions, indicators and criteria for resilient sustainable development, and extracting the ex-tent to which the city achieves the elements of sustainable resilience.
Keywords: natural hazards, human hazards, climate change risks, resilient cities, urban, ecological and engineering resilience, characteristics of resilient cities, resilient urban design, resilience and sustainability, dimensions, indicators and criteria of resilient sustainable development
1.Introduction Disasters have caused significant unrest in both low- and middle-income countries, rapidly elimi-nating populations and increasing disasters in developing countries. Earthquakes include in (early 2010), more than 220,000 people killed, and in Indonesia (2009) more than 1,000 killed. Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar (2008), which killed more than 138,000 people and the Sichuan earthquake in China (2008) (1), which killed more than 87,000 people. Finally, the earthquake in Syria and Turkey (2023), which killed 22,000 people and left tens of thousands injured, and its effects spread to millions of people in the two countries. On average, about 82,000 people are killed annually due to disasters, with most deaths concentrated in low- and middle-income countries (2).
2.Causes of risks in the urban environment 1-Increasing urban population density, which increases pressure on land and services, and in areas exposed to dangers. 2- Concentration of resources and capacities at the national level, lack of clear mandates for disaster risk reduction and response. 3- Non-participation in local governance by local stakeholders in urban planning and management. 4-Inefficient management of water resources, sewage networks, and solid waste management. 5-The deterioration of environmental systems as a result of human activities such as: road construction and wetland reclamation, which threatens the ability to provide basic services. 6-Dilapidated infrastructure and unsafe building materials, which may lead to the collapse of buildings.
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