International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | July 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Portable Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Pitch Angle Control System (H-Type VAWT) Naguib Saleh1, Adel Kamal2, Ahmed Mahmoud3, Ali Moustafa 4, Hedaya Farid5, Pola Osama6 1Doctor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Canadian International College (CIC), Cairo, Egypt
2,3,4,5,6Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Canadian International College (CIC), Cairo, Egypt
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------The applications mentioned are essential for a lot of Abstract - This Research paper aims to document the process
industries. However, fossil fuel combustion does more harm than good due to the large amounts of harmful emissions such as CO2, Greenhouse gases & particulate Matter which consequently affects not only the environment but also the General well-being of the population [5]. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2018, it was calculated that 89% of global CO2 Emissions came from fossil fuel combustion and that fossil fuel usage is the root cause of global warming [6, 7].
of designing & manufacturing a proof of concept of a portable vertical axis wind turbine with A novel control method is also demonstrated to offer exciting possibilities for improving existing VAWTs. The idea behind the portable design is for the user to be able to take the wind turbine to remote places that lack electrical energy for long periods of time like refugee camps & military barracks, the reason for using the pitch angle control system is that by varying the pitch angle of the blade this generates more lift force on it which corresponds to a higher level of energy absorption and output power.
Client Earth and IPCC warn that fossil fuel consumption must be halved in the next 11 years to avoid exceeding a global temperature rise of 1.5°C, which would cause severe consequences such as increased sea levels, extinction to certain species of animals and crops, and extreme weather [6, 7]. However, a report published by the United Nations Climate Change reveals that current efforts are insufficient to prevent temperatures from rising above 1.5°C by the end of 2030, and the world may be on track for around 2.5°C of warming by the end of the century. Luckily in the 1980s, the familiar sustainable forms of energy were presented (solar & wind) [8].
Key Words: Lift force, Portable, Vertical Axis, Wind turbine, Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine (H-type VAWT), Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Variable pitch angle control, Control, pitch angle.
1. INTRODUCTION Energy resources can be divided into two types nonrenewable (oil, coal, and natural gas) and renewable (wind, solar, geothermal, and hydropower) [1]. As non-renewable energy resources are becoming scarce and expected to run out shortly [2], therefore it is a fact that ways to obtain energy from renewable resources must be developed to satisfy the current and future needs of power consumption. In this chapter; the types of non-renewable and renewable energy will be discussed to understand the importance of using renewable energy.
This new approach to renewable energy generation is crucial for our survival and as the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Director-General Francesco La Camera said “We are staring into a terrifying abyss of irreversible climate consequences if we fail to act,” [9]. Moreover, Crude oil reserves are depleting at a rate of more than 4 billion tons a year and at this rate, our known oil reserves could run out in just over 53 years. If we increase gas production to fill the energy gap left by oil, our known gas reserves will also be used up within 52 years. And if people try to accommodate for the decrease in the production of oil and natural gas by coal, the known reserves will be empty after nearly 150 years [2].
1.1 Non-Renewable Energy Fossil fuels are generated from the preserved remains of plants and animals and are found underground, as their collective name suggests. Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil shale, bitumens, tar sands, and heavy oils. All of them contain carbon and are formed due to the geologic process that acts on the remains of organic matter and this process takes 300 to 400 million years to form naturally [3].
1.2 Renewable Energy
All fossil fuels can be burned in the air to produce Thermal energy; this energy can then be used directly like in home furnaces or can be used to heat water which in turn produces steam which drives a turbine to generate electricity, this process is called geothermal power generation [4].
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Renewable energy resources are the sources that naturally renew themselves at a rate that makes them seem infinite. There are many types of renewable sources of energy such as (solar, wind, hydro, tidal, geothermal, and biomass) [10].
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