International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | July 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Counterfeit of Immobilized Enzymes in Packed Bed Reactor Megala S1, Priyadarsan S2, Shreeprada A M3, Swarupa Dhar4, Rohith5 1Assistant professor, Dept of Chemical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 2345UG student, Dept of Chemical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Abstract - Textile industrial effluents, contain high dye concentrations. Without effective treatment, the discharge of textile effluent to the environment affects aquatic life and makes water unfit for any kind of usage. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop an effective treatment method for industrial dye effluent. Adsorption is one of the most efficient techniques for decontaminating industrial dye effluent, and its performance is dependent on the adsorbent's characteristics. The development of immobilised laccase enzymes as adsorbents in a packed bed reactor is more economical, effective, and environmentally friendly.
industry. Dye is the substance that is used to impart color to a substrate. Different types of dyes are used in the textile industry such as acid dyes, reactive dyes, basic dyes, and azoic dyes. One of its properties is the ability to impart color to a given substrate because of the presence of chromophoric groups in its molecular structures. Decolorization of dyes from textile effluents depend on enzyme origin, presence of other compounds in solution and also a process condition. Enzymes are biodegradable, do not produce toxic by-products, and exhibit high specificity towards target dyes, allowing for selective and efficient decolorization. Enzymes such as laccases, peroxidases, azoreductases, and lipases are commonly used to decolorize dyes. Additionally, enzymes can improve the overall performance of dye decolorization processes, resulting in higher color removal efficiency and improved wastewater quality. Compared to free enzymes in solution, immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes. Enzyme immobilization refers to the process of attaching or confining enzymes to a solid support matrix, thereby enhancing their stability, activity, and reusability. Immobilized enzymes have numerous applications in various fields, including biocatalysts, biofuel production, pharmaceuticals, food processing, and environmental remediation. In recent years, a wide range of interest and high attention has been directed toward exploring the potential of immobilized enzymes. The enzyme immobilization methods can be classified according to the interaction between the enzyme and the support matrix, such as adsorption, entrapment, encapsulation, covalent bonding etc.
In the present study, laccase enzyme extracted from fungi was immobilized by entrapment method in sodiumalginate gel and cross-linked with copper sulphate pentahydrous. By determining the optimum operating conditions for reusability, flow rate, bed height, concentration, and pH, a batch decolorization of dye solution was performed in a packed-bed reactor. The method led to very effective laccase immobilization and also imparted significant stability to the enzyme. Then immobilized laccase enzyme were characterized by BET and SEM, and the results showed that laccase could be well immobilized on sodium alginate and revealed that, the immobilized laccase enzyme beads exhibited noticeable levels of porosity. In a batch decolorization, 73-100% decolorization was achieved for the prepared dye solution. Crystal violet dye was found to be highly decolorized up to 100% followed by Methylene Blue (99.40%), Congo Red (98.18%), Rhodamine B (97.7% ) and Methyl orange (92.73%).
1.1 Packed Bed Reactor
Key Words: Adsorption, Decolorization, Dye effluent, Immobilized Laccase Enzyme, Packed Bed Reactor
The operation of a packed bed reactor involves passing the wastewater through the packed bed, where the solid particles serve as an adsorbent for the decolorization process. The design and operation of a packed-bed reactor for dye decolorization depend on various factors, such as the type and concentration of dyes, particle size and shape, flow rate, and contact time. These parameters play a major role in reactor efficiency. Optimal conditions need to be determined through experimental studies and process optimization.
1.INTRODUCTION Textile processing is one of the oldest and most complex industry and its production has been improved due to continuous development and automation, causing a major pollution problem around the world. The rheology of wastewater discharged by textile mills is highly complex in nature, sometimes difficult for a specialist to grasp and understand it. Out of 70% total water phase across the world, only a negligible part of it is in pure form[1]. The main damage caused by the textile industry is due to improperly treated waste discharged into water bodies, which are responsible for 80% of the total emissions caused by the
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