International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | July 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future Prospects Om borawake1 , Yash khandarkar1 , Tariq alam1 , Dr.sandeep kore2 1Department Of Mechanical Engineering Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology,
Pune 411048, India 2Professor Of Department of Mechanical Engineering Vishwakarma Institute of Information
Technology, Pune 411048, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - In recognition of the harmful effects of typical
States has prioritised lowering petroleum reliance and the environmental effect of the transportation industry in recent decades. One of the primary concerns with the current energy situation is the depletion of non-renewable conventional fuels, which leads to environmental challenges like the greenhouse effect and renders the energy sector unsustainable [3,4]. The percentage of fossil fuels used today is still significant, and it is predicted that by 2050, they will produce around 75% of all energy [5]. In general, the present The energy scenario has several drawbacks. Future generations will have far more hope if they employ more of the several renewable energy sources that now exist. Environmentalists believe that various actions will prevent the worst-case scenario of global warming and its effects from occurring.
gasoline automobile emissions, the scientific community is turning to environmentally benign energy sources. Despite the abundance of renewable energy sources, hydrogen is the most effective one for use as automobile fuel. Like electricity, hydrogen is a powerful energy carrier capable of carrying large quantities of energy. The capacity of the vehicle's onboard hydrogen storage must be taken into account while developing fuel cell cars. This research looks at a recent advancement in hydrogen fuel cell engines to investigate the practicality of utilising hydrogen as a primary fuel in transportation systems, A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that produces energy by reacting chemical gases and oxidants. The fuel cell separates the cation and anion in the reactant in addition to using anodes to produce power. Reactants are compounds employed in fuel cells that cause a chemical reaction that results in the production of water as a byproduct. Hydrogen is one of the most efficient energy carriers, therefore the fuel cell can provide direct current (DC) electricity to run the electric car. A hydrogen fuel cell, batteries, and a control system along with methods can be used to make a responsible hybrid vehicle.
Key
Words: hydrogen; fuel transportation, electric vehicle.
cell,
battery,
cars have improved in fuel efficiency over the past 20 years, and hybrid electric cars are becoming increasingly prevalent. Electricity is one of the alternative fuels in automobiles that is expanding the quickest. Electricity is not a main energy source, like traditional energy sources like coal and oil. An energy carrier is a battery that is completely charged. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are very effective at turning grid energy into tractive force. They also have the ability to recover energy while driving by using regenerative braking. Due to the size and expense of the batteries required for the power and energy requirements of the vehicle, BEVs often have a restricted range. When compared to a conventional vehicle (CV), the "refuelling" of battery systems might take many hours rather than only a few minutes. An alternative is taken into consideration in order to utilise the benefits of both conventional and electric cars and to close the gap between CVs and BEVs. With an energy density greater than most batteries—39.39 kWh/kg—hydrogen is a chemical energy carrier that can generate electricity. There is a clear parallel between an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a fuel cell (FC). Chemical energy is
clean
1. INTRODUCTION A country's economy, infrastructure, transportation, and way of living are all influenced by this energy. The discrepancy between global energy availability and use is an issue. All countries now rely on non-sustainable sources of energy, namely fossil fuels, to provide their energy. In order to meet the energy needs of the world's population, which is growing more quickly, it is crucial to switch to an alternative, sustainable energy source that has no detrimental environmental effects [1,2]. The United
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