International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | July 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
TRIBIOLOGY IS A TOOL FOR SENSORY EVALUATION OF DAIRY FOODS Subhash Prasad Assistant Professor, Dairy Engineering Department, College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Amreli ------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------The tribometer is a sophisticated device that is used as an Abstract: Food oral processing is a study of mastication that involves food-saliva interaction. Tribology is a modern oral processing tool that is an important technology for evaluating the oral sensations of various food items such as smoothness and creaminess. Instrumental approaches have improved sensorial attributes like texture by stimulating the oral environment for the past years. The paper covered state of the art on instrumentation, working principles, the efficiency of the tribometer and its application in dairy foods i.e. milk, cream, cheese, yogurt , curd , milk gel etc..
innovative oral processing tool (Korres & Dienwiebel, 2010). It has gained popularity in recent decades as an excellent method for detecting oral textural feeling. According to this viewpoint, the current study describes the role of tribology as a novel oral processing method for dairy products sensory evaluation. The study focuses on the state of the art in instrumentation, operating principles, tribometer efficiency and its application in dairy products.
Keyword:
2. Types of tribometers:
1. Introduction:
Several tribometers were used in the field of dairy and food industry. The differences between these tribometers are due to their application (Shewan et al., 2020).
Oral processing, Textural analysis, Tribology principle, Tribometer instrumentation, Dairy applications
Table 1: Types of tribometer, basic principle and its advantages in dairy and food application.
Tribology is a method of analysing the oral processing, texture and taste of food. Tribology is the study of the interaction of two surfaces that result in friction or shear due to continuous motion (Chen & Stokes, 2012). It derives from the Greek word "tribos," which means "sliding or rubbing." Thin layer rheology is another name for it. The friction coefficient is define as the ratio of friction force to average load of any dairy food. Tribology in the food products describes the sensory properties of food such as smoothness, slipperiness, creaminess, and astringency (Sudhakar et al., 2020). Food lubricating qualities are examined using the same method used in mechanical engineering to analyse the frictional properties of lubricants. Food functions are engaged in oral processing as a lubricant during digestion and interacting of two surfaces such that tongue and palate. Food oral lubricity is directly affected by saliva type, roughness, speed, direction and its motion. Tribology has introduced a new concept known as soft tribology, which determines the lubrication behaviour of fluids and soft solids. Tribology may also identify dairy food adulterant such as melamine. Although several methods for detecting melamine adulterants, such as mass spectrophotometry, gas spectrophotometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography, but they are expensive, timeconsuming, and need specialist expertise to operate the equipment. Tribology serves as a simple, inexpensive and quick method of identifying melamine adulterants in milk and milk products (Sethupathy et al., 2020).
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Tribometer
Principle
Advantage
Mini-traction machine (MTM)
Spinning disk against rotating ball
Sensitive & Accurate, Mostly used in food and dairy product.
Tribology cell
Two cylindrical rotating against annular disk
Inexpensive
Optical tribometer cell (OTC)
Force against oscillating glass surface
Microstructural changes of sample
Friction tester
Spherical ball rotating against rubber band
Simple and easy to use
Ball-on-3-pins rotating tribometer
elastomer pins and a glass probe
Evaluate emulsions property yogurt
Pin-on-Disk Tribometer
Independent normal load application and friction force measurement
precise elastic arm for friction load measurement
Hybrid Rheometer
using ring on plate tribo-rheometry
Laser based scattering, Used in dairy product
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