International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | July 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design and Construction of a Compressorless Peltier Refrigerator with On/Off Control for Precise Temperature Regulation Jilla Anshu Prasanna1, Rama Nakshatra2, Guguloth Jeevan3, Guguloth Bharath4 1,2,3Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVSR Engineering College, Telangana, India 4Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Telangana, India
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Abstract - In this study, we present the design and
The Peltier effect, discovered by Jean Charles Athanase Peltier in 1834, offers an intriguing thermoelectric phenomenon that can be harnessed for refrigeration. The Peltier effect describes the phenomenon of heat absorption or emission at the junction of two dissimilar materials when an electric current is passed through them [2]. This effect is a reversible process, meaning that it can work in both directions: heat can be either absorbed or emitted at the junction depending on the direction of the current. When an electric current flows through the junction of two different materials (usually metals or semiconductors), electrons move from one material to the other. During this process, energy is transferred, and one side of the junction absorbs heat while the other side releases heat. The direction of heat transfer depends on the direction of the electric current. Peltier refrigerators, also known as thermoelectric coolers [3], leverage this effect to achieve cooling without the need for traditional compressors or harmful refrigerants, making them environmentally friendly and compact alternatives [4]. Significant advancements have been made in the design and construction of Peltier refrigerators, enhancing their efficiency and temperature control capabilities. These improvements include the development of more efficient thermoelectric materials, optimization of module designs, and advancements in control systems [5]. Compressorless Peltier refrigerators have been designed to meet specific temperature requirements in various settings, offering precise temperature control and compact size. Peltier coolers find applications in various industries, such as electronics, where they are used to cool sensitive components and control the temperature of electronic devices [6]. They are also employed in portable refrigeration systems, medical devices, and some advanced cooling systems in laboratories.
construction of a compressorless Peltier refrigerator capable of achieving precise temperature control within a large interior cooling volume. The refrigerator was specifically engineered to meet the project requirement of maintaining a precision of ±15 degrees Celsius. The cooling volume of the device was 5.94 cubic meters (1.8m x 1.5m x 2.2m), providing adequate space for cooling applications in various settings. The Peltier refrigerator utilized an on/off control mechanism, which was deemed suitable for achieving the desired level of precision. Performance tests were conducted to evaluate the maximum cooling capacity and temperature control capabilities of the device. In one test, a sample was cooled down to -5 degrees Celsius, successfully demonstrating the refrigerator's ability to achieve sub-zero temperatures. Additionally, a test was performed to cool one liter of water from room temperature to -5 degrees Celsius, validating the effectiveness of the temperature control mechanism. Overall, the on/off control system implemented in the compressorless Peltier refrigerator proved to be sufficient in meeting the precision requirements of the project. The refrigerator's compact and efficient design, combined with its ability to cool a considerable interior volume, makes it a promising solution for a wide range of cooling applications where precise temperature regulation is essential. Key Words: Compressorless Peltier refrigerator, temperature control, cooling applications, sub-zero temperatures, temperature control mechanism, on/off control system, compact design, efficient design, temperature regulation.
1. INTRODUCTION Refrigeration systems are vital in various industries, research laboratories, and everyday life, providing controlled cooling for diverse applications such as food storage, medical preservation, and electronic device cooling. Traditional refrigeration systems typically depend on mechanical compressors and vapour compression cycles, utilizing refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP) [1]. The environmental concerns associated with these systems, along with the desire for improved energy efficiency, have spurred the development of alternative refrigeration technologies.
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Fig -1: Peltier Effect
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