International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 06 | Jun 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design of 3x6 axial-slot array antenna on circular cylinder waveguide for 2.45 Ghz IOT applications Traore Seydou 1, Ouattara Yelakan Béranger2, Siaka Fofana3, Silue Dozohoua4 1Department of Sciences of the Structures of Material and Technology (SSMT), Technology Labs, Felix Houphouet
Boigny university, Abidjan, Ivory Cost
2Department of Sciences of the Structures of Material and Technology (SSMT), Technology Labs, Felix Houphouet
Boigny university, Abidjan, Ivory Cost
3Department of Sciences of the Structures of Material and Technology (SSMT), Technology Labs, Felix Houphouet
Boigny university, Abidjan, Ivory Cost
4Department of Technological Resources, African School of Information Technology and Communication (ESATIC),
Abidjan, Ivory Cost ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - In this paper, a rectangular slot array antenna
passive near-field RFID-UHF technology operating by inductive coupling is receiving a lot of attention for nearfield identification as it brings several improvements compared to low and high frequency RFID (LF/HF). Indeed, the detection speed and the volume of data exchanged are higher in UHF than in HF, the manufacturing cost of the tags is significantly lower than that of HF tags. But UHF RFID can also operate in the near field through the electric field (capacitive coupling) and communicate in the far field through electromagnetic waves (EM). One of the limitations of current RFID systems is that they do not work well at close range (near field). This near-field communication problem is due to an insufficient magnetic field produced by the antenna of the reader and tag in UHF as well as poor impedance matching at the tag.
has been designed on a circular cylinder, shorted at both ends and fed by TE11 mode. The antenna operating at the frequency of 2.45GHz is proposed for a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. RFID along with Zigbee, Bluetooth, and WIFI are connectivity technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) networks. RFID technology is especially efficient for the detection of objects in the near field. Thus, the results of the simulations performed with the theoretical method EC-FDTD under Matlab software, were compared with those obtained with the commercial software HFSS and the practical measurements. The array antenna consisting of 3x6 rectangular axial slots was realized and its S11 parameter was measured. The results of the practical measurements are in accordance with the numerical results. The antenna has a high gain of about 10 dBi, and a good reflection coefficient -25 dB at the frequency of 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, the mapping and evolution of the electric field determined at 10 cm from the antenna, shows that this antenna generates a strong and uniform electric field in the near field area around the cylinder. Therefore, this antenna can be used to ensure capacitive coupling and good communication between the reader antenna and the tag.
It is therefore important to design new antennas that can function properly in these near-field communications. Several works dealing with near and far field antenna design have been published [1]-[2] and have focused on the inductive coupling between the reader and the tag antenna via the magnetic field. In order to solve the above problems, the configuration of a 3x6 slot array antenna cut on a cylindrical waveguide is studied. It is fed in TE11 mode at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
Key Words: Array antennas, Slot waveguide, Circular cylindrical, Omnidirectional, Internet-of-things (IoT), Near field.
Indeed, an array of rectangular slots cut in the wall of a hollow cylinder seems to be a good configuration for omnidirectional radio coverage: it is less expensive, simple to build and has almost no losses when fed by a monopole. Research and publications on circular slot waveguides date from the 1950s to the present day [3]-[11]. The study of radiation from an axial slot onto a cylindrical conductor has been widely published [4]-[6]. However, the papers [12][14] focus on arrays of axial and circumferential slits linearly arranged on the cylindrical generator. Most of these antenna characterisations are simulated on commercial software such as HFSS or CST [14], [24]-[25].
1. INTRODUCTION To monitor physical objects when they are stable or in motion in various fields such as healthcare, urban infrastructure, transportation and energy, the Internet of Things (IOT) uses various technologies including radio frequency identification (RFID). Thus, to meet various requirements with better identification performance, many types of RFID systems are rapidly emerging. These include low frequency (LF, 125-134 KHz), high frequency (HF, 13.56 MHz) and ultra-high frequency (UHF, 860-960 MHz and 2.4 GHz). Currently,
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The first mention of the EC-FDTD (Equivalent-Circuit Finite Difference Time Domain) method appears, to our knowledge,
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