International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 06 | Jun 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A SURVEY OF COMPUTER NETWORKING THEORY AND PRACTICE Rajesh Kumar System Analyst, Department of E-Governance. University Grants Commission New Delhi-110001 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT: In a computer network system, the many computers are connected to one another in order to facilitate the exchange of digital information. A computer network is, in its most basic form, a collection of devices that are connected to one another via links. Distributed processing, in which a task is split up and carried out simultaneously among multiple computers, is utilised by computer networks. An assault on a network's resources is consistently one of the most difficult obstacles it must overcome. The idea of computer networks is examined in depth in this research study. A computer network consists of a collection of devices that are connected to one another via links. Hosts in personal computers, phones, and servers, in addition to networking devices, can all be considered nodes in a network. Access to the World Wide Web for applications, shared use of application and storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant messaging programmes are all made possible through the use of computer networks. Sharing of information across many computer networks allows for the completion of a vast array of jobs. There are open systems and closed systems, the two primary categories of systems. An open system can be quickly connected to the network and is immediately ready for communication when it does so. On the other hand, a closed system cannot be simply joined to another network due to the requirement of adequate authentication. KEYWORDS: Computer networks, Protocols, Types of networks, Topology, Nodes, Data transfer. 1. INTRODUCTION A network of computers, servers, printers, routers, and switches that are all connected to one another and able to exchange information with one another is called a computer network. A computer network's principal function is to enable users in different locations to share data and resources with one another. Depending on their scale, location, topology, and communication protocols, computer networks fall into a number of distinct categories. Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), Storage Area Networks (SANs), and Wireless Networks are all examples of popular types of networks. Local area networks (LANs) are networks that connect devices inside a single building or campus. Since these networks are more localized and contain fewer nodes, they are more efficient and dependable than wide area networks. File and printer sharing, as well as email and other forms of online communication, rely heavily on them. On the other hand, wide-area networks (WANs) link offices located in various cities or even in other countries. These networks connect devices across a wider geographic region than LANs do and make use of a variety of technologies, including leased lines, satellite connections, and virtual private networks. Wide area networks (WANs) are widely employed for teleconferencing, video conferencing, and cloud computing. MANs are quite similar to LANs, except they connect numerous LANs across a greater area, such as a city or metropolitan region. Data backup, data replication, and disaster recovery are just some of the storage-related tasks that SANs are designed to handle. Wireless networks eliminate the requirement for wiredconnections between nodes by employing radio waves. The simplicity and adaptability of these networks are contributing to their rising popularity. Wi-Fi, short for "wireless fidelity," refers to a specific form of wireless network that is widely deployed in many different settings. Data transmission and exchange in computer networks is made possible by a combination of physical connection of devices and numerous communication protocols and technologies. Among them are Ethernet, Wi-Fi, TCP/IP, DNS, FTP, HTTP, and a plethora of others. The effectiveness, safety, and dependability of a computer network depend on its design, configuration, and administration. When planning and managing a network, security must always be a top priority. It entails taking precautions to prevent hackers, thieves, viruses, and other security risks from gaining access to the network. Firewalls, anti-malware programmes, IDS/IPS, and encryption are only a few of the standard security methods used today. In conclusion, a computer network is a sophisticated system that enables devices to interact with one another and share data and other resources. Different sizes, topologies, and technology characterise the many distinct varieties of networks. Network performance, security, and dependability all improve with well-thought-out planning, setup, and maintenance.
© 2023, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.226
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 366