International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 06 | Jun 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design and Optimization of steering and Suspension System of All Terrain Vehicle Lalith H N1, Ravi Ragul R2 1Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
2Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
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Abstract - One of the most important automotive systems is
The rack and pinion mechanism were chosen for its simplicity, higher displacement of the wheels, and ease of packaging in the vehicle’s toe box. The Ackerman steering geometry was chosen considering the load transfer characteristics, cornering speed, track characteristics, and required turning angle to achieve minimal turning radius with specific wheelbase and trackwidth and to achieve the perfect rolling of the wheels. The Ackerman angle was found to be 25 degrees which was designed to achieve an oversteer that provides sensitive handling characteristics.
suspension. The primary purpose is to protect the driver from shocks from the road. In addition to providing proper wheel travel and load transfer, secondary functions also include lateral stability and ergonomics and driver comfort. Vehicles with all-terrain capabilities are built to tackle any surface. Stability, vehicle behavior, and driver comfort are the main issues because the vehicle is designed to operate on various types of terrain. The paper's primary goal was to develop and optimize the front suspension wishbone for a BAJA (ATV) vehicle. The purpose of this study is to analyze the entire suspension system of an ATV vehicle to enhance wheel handling and stability. The entire system was made to be strong enough to absorb shocks from the rough terrain that ATVs are typically used on. Calculations were used to design the springs, and SOLIDWORKS was used to design the components. The front and rear systems were simulated using Lotus software, and the components were examined using commercial FEA software from ANSYS. The steering and suspension system's pivot point, known as the steering knuckle, enables the steering arm to turn the front wheels. The knuckle is put to the test in a variety of loading conditions, including bump, cornering, and braking.
Table 1 : Steering Specifications
Key Words: Suspension, load transfer, stability and handling, driver comfort, less weight, less expensive, SOLIDWORKS, ANSYS, LOTUS software
1.INTRODUCTION
To reduce the bump steer, and steering effort
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Impact Factor value: 8.226
Ackerman
Turning radius
2.27m
Ackerman angle
25°
Steering ratio
6:1
Lock to lock
264°
Rack lock to lock travel
72mm
C factor
96mm
Steering Effort
62N
Tie Rod Length
412mm
Outer wheel turning angle So = 25.6° Turning radius of the wheel Front inner wheel, Ri = wheelbase /Sin (Si)- (Track width -K. k)/2 Front outer wheel, Ro = Wheelbase/ Sin Si -Track width -k. K)/2 Where k. k is the kingpin center to center distance RI = 1828.9 mm, RO = 2926.7 mm
1.2 Design Consideration
Steering geometry
Ackermann angle Tan β = king pin – king pin center distance/ 2x Wheelbase β = 25° Max inner wheel angle-Si= 44°(considering maximum slip) By Ackermann condition Cot So- cot Si = Track width/wheelbase
Failure of steering knuckle and wishbone due to lack of design validation. Bump steer, over steer, under steer, loss of traction and roll of vehicle affects handling and performance of the vehicle. Slipping of wheel due to undesirable Ackermann geometry
To have a quick steering response and to attain minimum free play.
Rack and Pinion
1.3 Steering Calculations
1.1 Problem Identification
Steering mechanism
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