International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 06 | June 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Assessment of Variation in Concentration of Air Pollutants Within Monitoring Stations in Mumbai Keisha Mehta, Ram Chirapuram, Ritvik Saraf, Sakshi Bokil, Shachi Hardi Student, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This research paper presents a study on the
vehicles, as well as industries [1]. Indian megacities are among the most polluted in the world. The pollutant concentrations in India are much higher than the level of pollutant concentrations recommended by the World Health Organisation [3].
variation of concentration of air pollutants in various areas of Mumbai, in order to determine the redundancy of maintaining separate Air Quality monitoring stations in those areas. The pollution concentration of 7 pollutants, namely PM2.5, PM10, NO2, NH3, SO2, CO and Ozone, is monitored across 12 stations in Mumbai. A statistical approach was conducted on monthly data for 2020 and 2021 collected from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. The presence or absence of significant difference in the means of concentrations of a particular pollutant among monitoring stations is identified using ANOVA Analysis. Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) Post-Hoc Test is performed to ascertain the stations which show a significant difference in pollutant concentration. Those pairs of stations which show no significant difference in concentration of all 7 pollutants are identified. Recommendations are made based on these observations and the straight-line distance between the pairs of stations. This analysis can form the basis for identifying redundant air quality monitoring stations in Mumbai. This paper also applies a multinomial logistic regression model in order to predict the air quality class based on Tree Cover, Population Density, Petrol Price, Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed, Air Pressure, Elevation, Coastal Location, Latitude and Longitude.
In 1981, the Government of India introduced the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in order to arrest the deterioration in air quality. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) comprises State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) that are required to perform a number of duties under the Act. Concerns over air quality have grown over the past few years as evidence of harmful effects on health, productivity, and the economy has increased. As a result, between 2015 and 2020, there has been a significant rise in the number of monitoring stations [4]. The National Air Quality Monitoring Program (NAQMP), launched in 1985 and run by the CPCB along with the SPCBs, is the most extensive monitoring network in the country. As of 2022, this program consists of a network of 804 operating manual and real-time monitoring stations across India. The monitoring of pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2, is done twice a week for a duration of 24 hours resulting in 104 observations per year. These stations use an estimate called the Air Quality Index (AQI) to track the daily air quality. The greater the AQI value, the more severe the level of pollution. Launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, the National Clean Air Program (NCAP) aims at the reduction of 20-30% of the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 by 2024 with 2017 as the base year [5].
Key Words: Air Pollutant, AQI, Particulate Matter, ANOVA, Monitoring Station, Logistic Regression.
1.INTRODUCTION Air pollution is a serious problem in many developing countries. Atmospheric concentrations of fine particulate matter, which is one of the worst air contaminants, are several folds higher in a developing country as compared to a developed country [1]. Aerosols are airborne gases, solids, and liquids that contaminate the atmosphere. They are present in a wide range of sizes. There are three ranges in particulate matter, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, with upper limits of 10 μm, 2.5 μm and 1 μm, respectively. For regulatory reasons, they are most commonly used to define aerosol fractions [2]. The increasing rate of pollutant concentrations is on account of the growing population of humans and
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Mumbai is transforming into a city primarily focused on commercial activities, rather than being recognised as an industrial city in the past. The transport sector is the main contributor to pollution, followed by power plants, industrial units and waste incineration [6]. In Mumbai, the air quality monitoring stations are operated by the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB). Some stations are collocated in pockets, leaving a large area unmonitored.
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