International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 06 | Jun 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Servant-ModLeach Energy Efficient Cluster Base Routing Protocol for Large Scale Wireless Sensor Network Fuseini Jibreel1, Mohammed Ibrahim Daabo2, A.W. Yusuf-Asaju3, Kazeem Alagbe Gbolagade4 1Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tamale Technical University, Ghana
2Department of Computer Science, School of Computing & Info. Sciences, C.K. Tedam University of
Technology & Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana.
3Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Communication & Info. Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
4Department of Computer Science, College of Information & Communication Technology, Kwara State University,
Nigeria ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------networks must be designed in such a way that they are Abstract: In wireless sensor networks, the sensor nodes are energy efficient in order to prolong the lifetime of the network.
usually engaged in a number of activities making them lose energy very fast. Therefore, maximizing the lifetime of nodes during protocol design is of primary concern. In this paper, the MODLEACH protocol is studied and enhanced. In MODLEACH, it is observed that the Cluster Heads (CHs) are responsible for both data aggregation and routing of data to the Base Station (BS). This allows a faster depletion of the CHs energy and the energy of the entire network. Also, it has been observed that the residual energy of the nodes is not considered in selecting the Cluster Heads (CHs). This makes it possible for weaker nodes to be selected as CHs. In this research, a modified MODLEACH protocol called Servant-MODLEACH (S-MODLEACH) has been proposed to address the problem of residual energy and lessen the huge task placed on CHs in MODLEACH protocol. In the proposed protocol, Cluster CHs are selected based on the strength of their residual energy. In addition, servant nodes for data aggregation and routing of data to CHs are introduce in the network. Simulations have been conducted to evaluate the new clustering algorithm using MATLAB R2017a and the results showed that S-MODLEACH performs better than MODLEACH in heterogeneous settings in terms of throughputs, energy conservation and extension of the network lifetime.
Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) was the first hierarchical cluster-based routing Protocol with clusters in WSNs to have been developed [4]. The main objective of this protocol was to minimize the energy consumption in sensor networks [13]. In LEACH, there is a Cluster Head (CH) for each cluster responsible for receiving data from normal sensor nodes (NSN), aggregating the data and forwarding it to the BS. Energy heterogeneity is another key issue that merits attention [14] in wireless sensor networks. This happens when there is energy difference to some threshold between a sensor node and its neighbors [1]. In the case of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, [12], developed an energy-efficient service discovery protocol. Here, nodes are identified with hardware identifiers, which are unique, along with capability grades. The sensor node with the highest capability grade becomes cluster head and collects and aggregates data from all sensor nodes in the cluster. With this scheme, it is easy to construct and maintain and it can adapt quickly to topological changes in sensor networks. A delay-constrained energy-efficient routing scheme in heterogeneous WSNs was presented by [22]. In addition to static sensor nodes in their case, mobile and static supper nodes can be used to support periodic and event-based reporting applications. Various types of data messages are supported by the algorithm. From its routing table, the source sensor node selects the best relay super node and sends the message to it. Generally, Cluster Heads are selected using an advanced algorithm based on the amount of remaining energy on CHs and the distance they are from the base station. There are two multi-hoping criteria proposed in this algorithm: distance-based multi-hoping and loadbalancing-based multi-hoping. This gives rise to different energy levels in the network. It is on the basis of this kind of network that a modified algorithm called ServantMODLEACH (S-MODLEACH) has been proposed. It is an
Keywords: Energy Consumption, MODLEACH Protocol, Network Lifetime, Servant-MODLEACH
1. Introduction Sophistication in electronics due to advanced technology today, has enabled network protocol designers to develop low cost, low power and small size sensors [5, 6]. In fact, thousands of these sensors are deployed in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based on the requirement of network application. These devices are able to monitor physical environment, compute and transmit data among themselves to resource nodes called. Base Station (BS) [8]. The over reliability of these sensor nodes on batteries for energy is a major issue because these batteries cannot be replaced or recharged easily once they are deployed. Therefore, protocols for these kinds of
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