International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 06 | Jun 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Truck Chassis Analysis using Finite Element Method for Steel and Carbon Fiber Components Gyan Prakash1,2, Dr.Shahnwaz Alam2, Kamran Rasheed2 1Government polytechnic harakh, Barabanki
2 Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow
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Abstract –The foundation of any vehicle, referred to as its
The chassis assumes the role of the fundamental framework in a commercial vehicle. In the days preceding the 1930s, nearly all motorized vehicles boasted a distinct structural frame, known as the body-on-frame design, which stood apart from the vehicle's body itself. In subsequent years, the majority of passenger cars transitioned to a monobody construction, seamlessly integrating the chassis and bodywork. However, trucks, buses, and pickups have continued to embrace a separate frame as their dedicated chassis. This chassis frame provides support to an array of vehicle components, encompassing the engine, transmission system (consisting of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and rear axle), wheels and tires, suspension system, as well as control mechanisms such as braking, steering, and electrical components. Therefore, it is often referred to as the "carrying unit." The principal functionalities fulfilled by a frame in motor vehicles are as follows:
frame or chassis, plays a pivotal role in the automotive industry. Much like the skeletal system of a living organism, it serves as a sturdy structure that holds together all major components. Its primary objective is to provide secure support, ensuring the vehicle can bear the maximum load across diverse operating conditions. The chassis must possess ample strength to withstand both heavy loads and sudden shocks. Being the central component of an automobile, the chassis acts as a framework to uphold the vehicle body. Therefore, it must exhibit exceptional rigidity and robustness to endure the dynamic forces, vibrations, and stresses encountered during vehicle motion. Traditionally, steel has been the predominant material used in chassis manufacturing, gradually giving way to aluminum over time. However, this study delves into the exploration of replacing conventional materials with ultra-lightweight carbon fiber composites. The extraordinary strength and lightweight nature of carbon fibers render them highly suitable for producing automotive chassis. The study specifically focuses on conducting modal and static structural analyses of the Tata LPT 3118 truck chassis frame, comparing the performance of both steel and carbon fiber materials. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of stress, strain, and total deformation values for each material. Employing the finite element method, the chassis is modified using SOLIDWORKS 2016, followed by Finite Element Analysis and Modal Analysis performed on a dedicated workbench.
Providing support for the vehicle's mechanical components and body. Shaping the vehicle body. Dealing with static and dynamic load conditions without excessive deflection or distortion. These loads include: Weight of the body, passengers, and cargo. Vertical and torsional forces transmitted while traveling on uneven surfaces. Transverse lateral forces resulting from road conditions, side winds, and steering.
Key Words: FEM, Composite material
1. Introduction
Torque from the engine and transmission.
The essence of an automobile lies in its two vital elements: the Body and the Chassis. The chassis, specifically, pertains to the vehicle's structure in the absence of the body. It serves as the bedrock upon which an assortment of chassis units find their place, connecting to the axles through springs and other components that transfer or absorb the axle's force and rotational power. In the formative years of the automotive industry, chassis frames came into being using a medley of materials, including tubular steel, rolled steel sections, wood, and fortified wooden sills featuring steel flitch plates.
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Longitudinal tensile forces during acceleration and compression during braking and collisions. The automotive chassis, a crucial element, bestows strength and stability upon a vehicle across diverse conditions. Serving as the sturdy framework that unites the engine, body, axles, powertrain, and suspension system, it relies on tie bars as connectors for all automobile components. Among the oldest chassis designs, the ladder chassis reigns supreme with its exceptional load-carrying capacity. SUVs and heavy commercial vehicles commonly embrace ladder chassis due to their ability to bear substantial loads, delivering
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