International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Smart Substation with Automatic Monitoring, Smart Controlling and Overload Protection of transformer using PLC and SCADA Aditi Rambhad1, Kunal Pardeshi2, Nirant Wankhede3, Aditi Lande4, Dr. N. D. Ghawghawe5 1,2,3,4Students, Department of Electrical Engineering, Government College of Engineering Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India
5Head of the Department Electrical Engineering, Government College of Engineering Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------from high to low, or vice versa, and executing various other Abstract - Electricity plays an indispensable role in modern
vital functions. The electrical utility or significant industrial or commercial customers can own and operate these substations. The term "substation" has its origins in the pregrid distribution system era. With the growth of central generation stations, smaller generating plants were transformed into distribution stations, which received their energy supply from a larger plant rather than using their own generators. Initially, the first substations were linked to only one power station, which housed the generators, and were regarded as subsidiaries of that power station.
society as it powers almost every aspect of our lives. However, [6] with the increasing demand for energy, the importance of efficient and reliable power distribution systems has become more apparent. [2][4][6 The traditional power distribution system has several limitations, including inadequate monitoring and control capabilities, which can result in system failures and power outages. The power system comprises generating stations, transmission lines, and distribution systems. Load flows necessitate careful planning, monitoring, and controlling to ensure efficient operation and to minimize production costs. Each process has a distinct mechanism for acquiring data and controlling it. [1][5]Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a monitoring system that monitors numerous parameters in a substation. The proposed system's central control room is equipped with SCADA, which provides an intuitive interface for the operator to monitor and control the system. In the event of any abnormalities, the SCADA system displays real-time data and alerts the operator. Furthermore, the operator can remotely control the system using the SCADA system, increasing the system's flexibility and reducing response time in emergencies. This project replaces large control panels with a single PC, making it highly dynamic and cost-effective. The SCADA monitoring system does not experience mechanical wear and tear. The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) serves as the system's brain. SCADA and PLC work in tandem to operate and control the power system remotely. This automatic network can manage loads, maintain quality, and detect electricity theft. The system also provides the operator with an overall view of the entire network. Pilferage points can be identified, and human errors that cause tripping can be eliminated, increasing reliability and lowering operating costs. Our project integrates network monitoring functions with geographic mapping and fault location to provide a comprehensive power distribution system.
1.1 Substation Automation Substation automation is a process of using advanced technologies and intelligent devices to automate the monitoring and control of power substations. This results in a more efficient and reliable operation of the power grid. Substation automation systems typically comprise various equipment, such as sensors, controllers, and communication devices. These devices work together to monitor the substation and its components in real-time, and the data is transmitted to a central control system. This allows operators to make informed decisions about the operation of the substation. [1][2][5]Substation automation has several advantages, including improved reliability and reduced downtime. With automated monitoring and control, potential issues can be detected and resolved swiftly, which prevents equipment failures and power outages. Furthermore, it enables the more efficient use of resources like energy and manpower by automating tasks such as switching and fault detection. This, in turn, frees up operators to focus on more complex tasks and decisionmaking. In summary, substation automation is essential for modern power systems. It allows utilities to operate more efficiently and deliver reliable power to customers, reducing the likelihood of costly outages and failures. During the early stages of electrical substations, the process required manual switching or adjustment of equipment. Additionally, data for load, energy consumption, and abnormal events had to be collected manually. However, as distribution networks became more complex, it became necessary to automate supervision and control of substations. This was done from a centrally attended point to allow overall coordination in case of emergencies and reduce operating costs.
Key Words: PLC, SCADA, Automation, Protection, Load flow, Dynamic, Reliability
1. INTRODUCTION A substation is a crucial component of an electrical system that encompasses generation, transmission, and distribution. It serves multiple purposes, such as transforming voltage
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