Smart Safety and Accident Prevention System for Curve Roads
1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology, Thandavapura
2,3,4,5 Students, Dept, of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology, Thandavapura ***
Abstract - According to recent check, 10percentofthetotal vehicle accidents be on twisted roads in hill stations. To get relieve from that unwelcome situation, an IoT grounded Accident Prevention SystemforwindRoadshasproposedthen. The intention of this work is to give a safe trip by avoiding accidents substantially at the hairpin bends. To advise the motorists of both the vehicles approaching at both ends, by provoke business warning signals and TV display that indicates the appearance of a vehicle ahead on the contrary side of the bend. However, it'll be grueling to manage similar twisted roads since motorists will not be suitable to see other vehicles or objects approaching from the contrary end of the wind, if the auto is not in atrocious condition. We suggest to change motorists' perception of the auto approaching from the contrary side during U-turns in order to reduce these incidents
Key Words: Arduino UNO, Ultrasonic Sensor, Buzzer, 16X2 LCD Display, I2C Module, Stepdown Transformer.
1. INTRODUCTION
As the population grows, so do the chances of an accidenthappening.Today,thepreventionoftheseaccidents is a major concern. The fundamental cause of all of these accidentsisnegligence,thenegotiationofsafetymeasures, and so on. As technology advances at a faster rate, safety measuresarealsobeingmodified,butaccidentscontinueto occur. Mountainroads,narrowcurveroads,andTroadsare some of the world's most dangerous routes. The most perilousmountainroutesareverysmallandcontainmany turns.Insuchcases,driversmaybeunabletonoticethecar approachingfromtheoppositedirection.
Themajorityofroadaccidentsoccurathighspeeds orwhenthedriverisunawareofothervehiclesapproaching frombehind,especiallyinsharpcurves.Thecurrentmethod utilizesconvexmirrorsatcurvestoallowthedrivertoeasily noticevehiclesapproachingfromtheotherdirection.This methodworksduringthedaybutnotatnight.Thebiggest difficultywithcurveroadsisthattheotherendofthecurve roadcannotbeseenbythedriverduetoimpedimentssuch as trees in the middle, which causes a high frequency of accidents.
Sensors are installed at hairpin corners in the proposedsystem;theyoperateexceedinglywellatnight.The
problemcanbesolvedbyinstallingsensorsoneachsideof the bends. Sensors can also be calibrated to meet specific requirements.Inthesameway,thesensorontheopposite sideofthecurveprovidesasignaltothevehicleapproaching fromtheoppositedirection.
2. RELATED WORK
Severalmeasureshavebeenputinplacetoprevent trafficaccidents,suchasthe introduction ofGSM andGPS thanks to modern technology, which can be useful in trackingcarsinvolvedincollisionsbutnotthosethatcould havebeenavoided.Anotherstrategyinvolvesplacingglasses atroadbendsandutilizingahorntowarnoncomingtraffic.
To reduce the possibility of accidents at turnings, the government has implemented a variety of measures, including the provision of glasses so that automobiles approachingfromtheothersideareawareoftheirpresence.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
An ultrasonic sensor is used in an accidentprevention system. Ultrasonic sensors, an I2C, and an Arduino were all used to avoid the accident. Along with ultrasonic sensors, buzzers, LEDs, and LCD displays are installed on both sides of the road. Ultrasonic sensors identifythedirectionfromwhichthecarsareapproachingto warndriversandpreventcrashes.Thecontrollerthensends signalstobuzzers,LEDs,andLCDscreens,whichdisplay"car isAhead."
4. SYSTEM DESIGN
5. MODULE DESCRIPTION
Arduino IDE: The Arduino IDE is a free and open-source software development environment for authoring, compiling, and uploading code to the Arduino microcontroller board. It is built on the Processing programming environment and contains a code editor, a compiler,andabootloaderthatallowscodetobeuploaded toanArduinoboardoverUSB.
TheIDEsupportsseveralprogramminglanguages,including CandC++,andprovidesa simpleinterfacefordeveloping and uploading code to an Arduino board. It also offers a numberoflibrariesandexamplesthatmakeworkingwith theboard'shardwareandperipheralseasier.
TheArduinoIDEiscross-platformandworksonWindows, macOS,andLinux.
Arduino UNO: TheArduinoUNOboardhastotal32pins.It hasatotalof20digitalinput/outputpinsand6analogpins.
Descriptionofeachpins:
Pins0-13:Thesepinscanbeconfigured asinput/ output,theycanonlyreaddigitalsignals(buttons) orsenddigitalsignals(LED).
Pin0,1(RX,TX):Alsoknownasserialcommunicator wherethepinisusedforserialcommunication.It receivesthedatafromthecomputeroranyother devices.
PinsA0-A5:Thesepinsareanalogpins,theyare capable of reading analog data (voltage, temperature,etc.).Theycanalsobeusedasdigital pins.
Reset:Thispinisusedtoresettheboardandstart thebootloader.
5V and 3.3V: These pins provide the regulated power to the board and can also be used for poweringtheexternalcomponents.
GND:Itprovidesprotectionfortheboardaswellas theexternalcomponents.
PWMPins:Thesepinsareusedtoconvertdigitalto analogbyvaryingthewidthofthepulses.Thepin numbersare3,5,6,9,10,11areusedasPWNpins.
TheArduinocanbeactivatedbyconnectingitwith thesystem/computerthroughserialUSBportorby 12VDCadapter.
Ultrasonic Sensor: Ultrasonicsensorsaredevicesthatuse soundwavestodeterminethedistancebetweenanobject and the sensor. They work by producing high-frequency soundwavesfromatransducer,whichbounceoffanobject andreturntothesensor.Thesensordetectsthetimeittakes forsoundwavestobouncebackandcalculatesthedistance dependingonthespeedofsound.Thesesensorsareutilized in a range of applications, including object detection, distancemeasuring,levelsensing,andflowmeasurement.
I2C Module: TheI2C(Inter-IntegratedCircuit)moduleisa communication protocol that allows several electronic devicestoconnectwitheachotherusingonlytwowires:a clockline(SCL)andadataline(SDA).Itiscommonlyutilized in embedded systems and microcontroller-based applications. The I2C module normally consists of two primary components: the master device and the slave devices. The master device is in charge of starting the communicationandcontrollingthe bus.Theslavedevices respondtothemaster'srequestsandsupplydataorconduct activitiesasneeded.TheI2Cmoduleisnormallymadeupof twoprimarycomponents:themasterdeviceandtheslave devices. The master device is in charge of starting communicationandcontrollingthebus.
LCD Display 16X2: A LCD 16x2 display is a form of alphanumericdisplaythatiscommonlyseenincalculators, clocks, and digital thermometers. The display can show a varietyofcharacters,suchasletters,numbers,andsymbols, and it can be controlled by a microcontroller or other electronic device. To generate the characters, the display employs a liquid crystal layer placed between two transparent electrodes. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes,theliquidcrystalmoleculesaligntocontrolthe amountoflighttransmittedthroughthedisplay.
Diode IN4007: A general-purpose rectifier diode is the IN4007 type. A diode is an electrical component that only permits one path of electricity to pass while blocking the other way. The IN4007 diode has a maximum forward current capacity of 1A and a maximum reverse voltage capacityof1000V.Powersupplyandothercircuitsthatneed to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) frequently employ rectifier diodes like the IN4007. The diodeconductsandenablescurrenttoflowintheforward directionwhileobstructingflowinginthereversedirection when the AC input voltage is positive. The diode inhibits forward current while permitting a modest amount of reversecurrentwhentheACinputvoltageisnegative.
Center tapped Stepdown Transformer: A transformer withacentertaponitssecondarywindingisreferredtoasa center-tapped step-down transformer. The secondary winding is intended to provide a lower voltage output, whereastheprimarywindingisintendedtobecoupledtoa highervoltagesource.Theoutputvoltageismeasuredusing thesecondarywinding'scentertapasareference.Halfofthe outputvoltageispresentbetweenoneendofthesecondary winding and the center tap, while the other end of the secondarywindingandthecentertaplikewiseprovidehalf of the output voltage, but with the opposite polarity. In powersupplyandothersituationswhenalowervoltageis necessary,thiskindoftransformerisfrequentlyutilized.
Voltage Regulator L7815: Avoltageregulatorintegrated circuit with a set output voltage of +15V DC is called the L7815.Itbelongstothewell-known78xxseriesofvoltage regulators, which are frequently employed in electronic circuits to produce a steady DC voltage from a fluctuating inputvoltage.Aninputterminal,anoutputterminal,anda groundterminalmakeupthethreeterminalsoftheL7815 device.Theoutputvoltageissetat15VDCwithamaximum outputcurrentof1.5A,whiletheinputvoltagerangesfrom 17Vto35VDC.Todissipatetheextrapowerproducedwhen
it adjusts the voltage, the device is intended to be used in conjunctionwithaheatsink.
Electrolytic Capacitor (1000microFarad): A voltage regulatorintegratedcircuitwithasetoutputvoltageof+15V DCiscalledthe L7815.It belongsto the well-known 78xx seriesofvoltageregulators,whicharefrequentlyemployed inelectroniccircuitstoproduceasteadyDCvoltagefroma fluctuating input voltage. An input terminal, an output terminal,andagroundterminalmakeupthethreeterminals oftheL7815device.Theoutputvoltageissetat15VDCwith amaximumoutputcurrentof1.5A,whiletheinputvoltage ranges from 17V to 35V DC. To dissipate the extra power producedwhenitadjuststhevoltage,thedeviceisintended tobeusedinconjunctionwithaheatsink.
LED Bulbs: LED(LightEmittingDiode)lightsareatypeof lighting technology that uses a semiconductor to turn electrical energyintolight. LEDsarehighlyefficient,longlasting, and available in a wide range of colours and intensities, making them attractive for a wide range of lighting applications.One of the primary benefits of LED lighting is its efficiency. They use significantly less energy than standard incandescent bulbs, which means they can assisttocutenergyexpensesandcarbonemissions.
Buzzer: A buzzer is an electronic device that emits an audibletoneorsoundwhenanelectricalsignalisappliedto it.Buzzersareasortofsounderthattypicallycomprisesof a piezoelectric device or an electromagnetic coil and diaphragm.Electromagneticbuzzerscreateamagneticfield byenergizingamagneticcoilwithanelectricalsignal.The magnetic field vibrates the diaphragm, resulting in an audibletone.
6. WORKING
Whenobjectarrivesneartheultrasonicsensor1,itstartsto detect.ThenI2Cmodule1helpstodisplaycontentinLCD display1i.e,“VehicleAhead”.Similarly,whenobjectarrives near the ultrasonic sensor 2, it starts to detect. Then I2C module 2 helps to display content in LCD display 2 i.e, “VehicleAhead”Whenobjectistooclosetothesensoritwill display “Go slow” with red light and when its far it will display“VehicleAhead”withgreenlight.
8. CONCLUSIONS
The objective of this initiative is to decrease the numberofcollisionsthatoccuronwindingandhillyroads. This is done by mounting an LED light and an Ultrasonic sensoronthesideoftheroad,onebeforethebendandone after. TheUltrasonicsensor detectsa vehicleapproaching from one endof thecurve, andtheLEDlightlightson the otherside,settingoffbuzzersandflashing"VehicleAhead" onLEDdisplays.Thiswillallowustosaveagreatnumberof lives.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We'dliketoextendourdeepestgratefulnesstoour ProjectGuide,Prof.Sumaiya,whoguidedusandhandedus withhispreciousknowledgeandsuggestionsonthisdesign and helped us ameliorate our design beyond our limits. Secondly,we'dliketothankourdesignfellow,Dr.RanjitKN andDrHKChethan,whohelpedusfinalizethisdesignwithin the limited time frame and by constantly supporting us. We'dalsoliketoexpressoursincerethankstoourHeadof Department,Dr.RanjitKN,forfurnishinguswithaplatform where we can try to work on developing systems and demonstratethepracticaloperationsofouracademicclass. We'd like to express our gratefulness to our star, Dr. Y T Krishne Gowda, who gave us a golden occasion to do this awful design on the content of' Smart safety and Accident PreventionSystemforwindRoads',whichhasalsohelpedus indoingalotofexplorationandlearningtheirperpetration
REFERENCES
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