International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
3D CONCRETE PRINTING…” An automation in construction industry for affordable and sustainable houses’’ Prof. Hansraj Dikkar1, Prof. Ravindra Patil1, Apeksha Gaikar2, Veena Aher2, Pooja Kakad2, Shweta Borade2 1Assistant Professor, Sandip Institute of Engineering and Management, Sandip Foundation, Nashik 2Student of Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sandip Institute of Engineering and
Management, Nashik, Maharashtra, India-422213 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------is completed, the next layer is added on top of the previous Abstract - The aim of this project is to assess the feasibility of one, gradually building the final object.
using fresh concrete as a material for additive manufacturing, specifically in 3D concrete printing. 3D concrete printing is an innovative construction method that offers several advantages in terms of construction time, cost optimization, design flexibility, error reduction, and environmental considerations. The quality of the final printed structure depends significantly on the properties of the fresh concrete, which should possess adequate workability to be extruded through an extruder head (printability) and maintain its shape once deposited without collapsing under subsequent loads (buildability). Due to the unavailability of a 3D concrete printer, physical printing was not possible. However, using readily available plumbing materials, a nozzle was constructed, and beams were printed to simulate the process. In this project, seven different concrete mixes were designed, varying the water-cement ratio and the percentage of superplasticizer. The workability of the fresh concrete used in additive manufacturing was evaluated through slump cone tests. Furthermore, tests were conducted to assess the compressive strength and flexural strength of the hardened concrete. Additionally, this research provides an overview of 3D printing and demonstrates the process of modelling a 3D building using AutoCAD software. The building design was converted from .DWG to. stl format for compatibility with 3D printing. To showcase the 3D printing process, a 1BHK plan was designed and 3D printed using FDM technology.
Unlike subtractive manufacturing methods such as milling and cutting, which generate a significant amount of waste as the excess material is typically discarded as scrap, 3D printing significantly reduces waste. This is because in 3D printing, material is only placed in the specific locations where it is needed to form the object, leaving the rest of the space as empty or support material, minimizing unnecessary waste. By utilizing additive manufacturing techniques, 3D printing offers several advantages, including reduced material waste, more efficient material usage, and the ability to create complex geometries and intricate designs that may be difficult or impractical to achieve through traditional manufacturing methods. According to a July 2021 report by Grand View Research, the Global 3D construction market is projected to experience remarkable growth of 91% between 2021 and 2028. This growth indicates the increasing recognition of 3D printing as a potential solution to the challenges faced by the architecture, engineering, and construction industries. One of the significant advantages of 3D printing in construction is its potential to provide affordable housing and shelters in disaster-stricken regions where traditional construction methods may be limited due to a lack of available human resources. Additionally, the technology has the potential for future research in establishing colonies on the moon and other extraterrestrial settlements.
Key Words: 3D concrete printing, concrete, Additive manufacturing, 3DCP, construction, Affordable houses, automation in construction.
1. INTRODUCTION
Lower construction costs and time are among the main benefits of 3D printing in construction. The ability to accurately calculate the required volume of construction material reduces waste and enhances cost efficiency. Moreover, the rapid construction speed associated with 3D printing is a significant advantage, contributing to the growing popularity of 3D printed buildings.
The manufacturing method known as "Additive Manufacturing" or 3D printing is characterized by the addition of material in successive patterns to create the desired shape, in contrast to traditional manufacturing techniques that involve removing material from a preformed block (known as "Subtractive Manufacturing"). In 3D printing, specialized software slices the 3D model into thin layers, typically 0.01mm thick or even thinner. The printer then traces each layer onto the build plate, and once a layer
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Impact Factor value: 8.226
Overall, the anticipated growth of the global 3D construction market highlights the potential of 3D printing to address
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