International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Implementing Blockchain based Architecture for Securing Electronic Health Record System Prof Jeenath Laila N1, Sathya M2 1Assistant Professor , Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli. 2PG Scholar, Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli.
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Abstract -Modern healthcare systems are known for
being quite expensive and complex. However, this can be decreased by using blockchain technology, better health record management, and insurance agencies. Blockchain was initially developed to offer decentralised records of financial transactions independent from centralised authorities or financial organisations. Improvements in medical record, insurance billing, and smart contract transactions have been made possible by advances in blockchain technology, which also provides a distributed database of transactions and permanent access to and security over data. The capacity to improve the interoperability of healthcare databases and expand access to patient medical information, device tracking, and prescription databases is a key benefit of employing blockchain technology in the healthcare sector. To properly prescribe medication, access to individuals' medical history is necessary, and blockchain technology has the potential to significantly improve the healthcare services framework. In this project, a number of blockchain-based improvements to present healthcare system restrictions are investigated, including frameworks and tools to gauge the effectiveness of such systems, including Hyperledger Composer. The suggested system employs blockchain in place of the clientserver architecture used by conventional EHR systems to increase efficiency and security.
Fig-1: An example ledger with details of blocks As shown in Figure 1, a block consists of a header containing metadata and a long list of transactions made in that block. A block header usually contains a timestamp, token, version and proof of weight. The timestamp indicates the time when the block was created; nonce is a random number generated by the consensus algorithm to compare the hash value of the block; version indicates the blockchain version number; and proof of difficulty is generated by a hash value that must be less than the current target hash value. The first block, known as the Genesis block, is hard-coded by embedding random data into the blockchain application [13]. In a block, all events are linked with each other using a Merkle tree [13]. A Merkle tree is an inverted binary tree that blockchain technology uses to summarize all transactions in a block. To form this tree, a pair of events is recursively compressed until they form only one root node at the top of the tree, called the Merkle RooT. Specifically, the Merkle is the root hash of all the transactions that make up a block of the blockchain. Every small change in the data changes the Merkle root hash value, resulting in an incorrect record. The most common cryptographic hash algorithm used to build a Merkle tree is the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256). If there is an odd number of events, the hash of the last event is multiplied to produce an even number of events, resulting in a balanced tree. Blockchain can be permissionless or permissionless [11]. A permissionless network or public blockchain allows any user to create a personal address, join the network and participate in consensus, while a permissioned or private blockchain network allows only a limited number of nodes to join. Although each block has only one parent and one child, a valid block can temporarily have two or more children created when two or more nodes are added simultaneously to blocks leading to two or more branches from the same parent [12]. This situation is called "fork"
Key Words: Healthcare systems, Security, Chaincode, Electronic healthcare records 1. INTRODUCTION A blockchain is a peer to peer (p2p) distributed database (i.e., ledger) that maintains an ever-growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked and secured, typically using public-key cryptography [13]. With blockchain technology, new information is added to a block and made available to all nodes in a decentralized network, instead of being added to a centralized database in a traditional centralized system. Each block in the blockchain is identified by a hash value, which is usually generated using a secure hash algorithm (SHA-256) [13]. The hash value of the header (parent) of the current block is bound and stored in the next block (child) [12]. Blockchain participants have private keys that they can use to digitally sign and confirm transactions.
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