International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Smart Grid Resilience Issues & Enhancements Abdulla Alblooshi1, Dr. Abdulla Ismail2 1 Graduate Student, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Dubai, UAE 2 Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Dubai, UAE
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Abstract - This paper talks about generation information
to the sea or exposed to the environment that are easily affected by typhoons and heavy rainfall [5]. the complexity and the interconnectedness of the grid makes it interdependent on other auxiliary services such as supply chains, fuel sources, and communication infrastructure. Other challenges include physical attacks such as sabotage and vandalism, social acceptance and public participation, lack of standardization and protocols, aging grid and equipment failure, interoperability, and interdependencies [6].
about the progress of smart grids, and the concepts of resilience. Then it highlights resilience issues in smart grids, in addition to solutions and enhancement techniques. The paper highlights issues like cyber threats such as FDI and DoS attacks. Natural disasters like earthquakes Typhoons, floods, wildfires, and hurricanes. Then goes to talk about some enhancement techniques such as using Energy Storage Systems, Distributed Energy reousces, Electric Vehicles ,Microgrids, mobiles devices. The paper also include application of Blockchain in smart grid.
The concept of smart grid resiliency was the outcome of different bodies in the industry attempting to resolve those issues and challenges. While there is lack of consensus on the definition of power system resilience due to its recent adoption, there is an agreement on its key aspects such as, robustness, resourcefulness, rapid recovery, and adaptability. The National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC) defines resilience as the system’s ability to anticipate, prepare for and adopt to changes in the system conditions, and can withstand and recover from events such as attacks, accidents and natural disaster in a timely manner [7][8]. The concept of resilience can be observed clearly in the resilience curve, shown in Figure-1, that is widely used to assess and quantify infrastructure resiliency [9].
Key Words: Smart Grid, Resilience, Cyber-Physical Protection, Islanding, Microgrids, Natural Disaster, Blockchain
1.INTRODUCTION With the rapid increase of demand for high quality, reliable, efficient, environmentally friendly, and affordable electricity, the movement toward the adoption and the implementation of smart grid technologies and concepts become a priority for utilities, regulators, governments, and researchers [1]. EPRI defines smart grid as a network that uses sensors, communication, and processing computers to control and enhance the functionality and the grid’s ability to deliver electricity. It also is optimized to use it infrastructure like generation plants, transmission, distribution, distributed energy resources (DER) and storage methods such as batteries and electric vehicles (EV) to improve operation, decrease environmental impact, and efficiently manage the grid assets [2], as well as features like self-healing, selfmonitoring, two-way communications, and two-way power flow supported by advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) [3]. With such an dramatic change in the design, behaviour and components of the grid, several challenges raised such as renewable energy integration, which due to their unpredictable nature, advanced and expensive technologies need to be integrated to an already old grid. Another issue related to cyber security. The increased penetration of components such as smart meters, Internet-of-Things (IoT), phasor measurement unit (PMU) will require safe internet connection to be reliably used to monitor and take actions that will affect the operation of the grid [4]. Natural disasters or LowFrequency High Impact (LFHI) such as earthquakes and tornados have always impacted the reliability of the grid. With integration of DERs such as solar forms, or grid close
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Fig -1: Curve for infrastructure resilience [9]. There are a lot of research that is being conducted to tackle resiliency issues in smart grid, and with continuous growth and new technology penetration to the grid, more issues will continue to appear. Hence, this paper will highlight some of significant published research in the
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