International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Review of Various Cooling Techniques to Improve the Performance of the Solar Photovoltaic Panel Vishal Chavan1, Subhashchandra Kanade2, Raj Singh3, Nishant Bhanage4 1Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, PVG’s COET PUNE, Maharashtra, India 2Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, PVG’s COET PUNE, Maharashtra, India
3Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, PVG’s COET PUNE, Maharashtra, India
4Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, PVG’s COET PUNE, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------However, one challenge faced by solar PV panels is Abstract:
the reduction in efficiency caused by an increase in ambient temperature. As the temperature rises, the output power of the PV panel decreases, leading to lower overall efficiency. To address this issue, researchers have developed various cooling methods for PV panels, which can be classified into active and passive techniques. Active cooling methods involve the use of moving parts, such as fans or pumps, to dissipate heat from the solar panels. Examples include air cooling, water cooling, and a combination of both. On the other hand, passive cooling techniques do not require any moving parts and rely on natural processes like convection and radiation to remove heat. Some examples of passive cooling methods are phase change materials (PCMs), heat sinks, and nanofluids. Additionally, integrating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with solar PV panels can help extract energy from waste heat, further enhancing the overall efficiency of the system.
With limited Non Renewable resources and considering Environmental pollution concerns due to Nonrenewable energy sources, Solar Panels will play a vital role in satisfying global energy demands in the upcoming future. While evaluating the performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panel, various parameters are required to be taken into consideration. Apart from External parameters, various internal parameters also affect the efficiency of PV Panels. Several external and internal parameters like Weather Conditions, Shading, Panel Orientation, Wind Velocity, Location, Angular inclination of Solar Panel Cleanliness of Solar Panel surface, Ageing of Solar panel mainly affect the performance of Solar Panel Output. Researchers came to know the fact that the efficiency of Solar Panels decreases as the temperature of the back surface of Solar PV Panels increases due to the accumulation of heat inside the PV panels. This paper enlists various techniques used to cool down the operating temperature of a photovoltaic system.
1.1 Effect of environmental factors on the efficiency of PV module:
Key Words: Photovoltaic Module, Conversion Efficiency, Cooling Techniques, Operating Cell Temperature, PCM, Forced Water Cooling, Air Cooling, Heat Transfer
Manas Ranjan Das (2019) worked on the effects of temperature, humidity, wind velocity, light intensity, altitude and atmospheric pressure on the efficiency and performance of the panel. He found the temperature being inversely proportional to I-V characteristics decreases the performance of solar panel with an increase in temperature. Presence of humidity surrounding solar panel results in reflecting the sun's rays affecting the overall output of the panel and rusting of metal used in the panel and thus decreasing its performance. The wind velocity positively impacts the performance of the panel thereby improving efficiency. His results also showed that voltage and current decrease as the light intensity decreases with the direct proportionality of the two. Thus he included different environmental factors affecting the efficiency and performance of Solar PV panels.
1. INTRODUCTION The global energy landscape is witnessing a significant shift from traditional to non-conventional energy sources, triggering the need to reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable development. Conventional energy sources, such as coal and fossil fuels, lead to various environmental issues, including air pollution, acid rain and greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, nonconventional energy sources like solar, wind, hydro and biomass offer cleaner and more sustainable alternatives. Solar energy, in particular, has emerged as a promising green energy source due to its abundant availability and minimal environmental impact. Solar power generation systems harness sunlight to produce electricity without emitting harmful pollutants. Moreover, solar energy is renewable, meaning it can be replenished naturally and will not run out, unlike fossil fuels.
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2. ACTIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES Active Cooling techniques mainly includes Forced Air Cooling, Forced water cooling & PV/T thermal systems to cool down the operating temperature of PV module.
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