International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A LIGHT FIDELITY BASED AUTOMATED SMART TROLLEY FOR SHOPPING USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION 1M.M Shehu, 2F.O Adunola, 3A.A Ahmad, 4M. Hamza, 5A.E Airoboman 1,2,3,5Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria. 4Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT The Design and Implementation of a Light Fidelity based automated smart trolley for shopping using Radio Frequency Identification technology was aimed at reducing the time and efforts needed while shopping by customers. It is also used to reduce the long queues experienced. The methodology employed in implementing this system include the software and hardware integration, the software aspect of this system includes simulating the system performance on proteus and programming the Arduino Uno controller using C++. The hardware aspect involved integrating the components needed. The smart trolley, after implementation was able to display the different aisles in the supermarket, detect products or items placed in the trolley, display relevant information like price, date of expiry, weight, and also compute the prices of products or items as they are added. The system was designed to carry a maximum of 20kg load. Furthermore, the details of the items are transmitted to the cashier’s system when the trolley is within a maximum distance of 6.0 meters to the cashier’s end using the concept of Li-Fi technology where the final billing and payment takes place in order to clear customer for exit.
Keywords: Automated Smart Trolley, Arduino Uno Microcontroller, LCD, Li-Fi, Load Sensor, RFID Tags, RFID Readers, Trolley.
I. INTRODUCTION A scarce natural resource that is essential to all nations is radio frequency spectrum. The broadcasting and communication industries, as well as those in the fields of transportation, security, science, and recreation, all rely heavily on this resource. The limited amount of radio frequency spectrum is progressively reducing as a result of the explosion in communication technology options, which has increased global communications and necessitated the development of new spectrum-based communication methods [1]. A new technology called Li-Fi has developed in order to achieve greater bandwidth, efficiency, and speed. Light-based wireless bidirectional communication is known as Light Fidelity (Li-Fi). It makes advantage of the unused visible spectrum while easing the strain on the radio spectrum [2]. It can be thought of as an optical kind of Wi-Fi that transmits data through visible light rather than radio frequencies. With Li-Fi, we can utilize the visible spectrum, which has a frequency bandwidth of about 300 THz, which is significantly wider than the typical radio frequency band (RF), which has a bandwidth of 300 GHz and is constrained and steadily decreasing [3]. Three different high frequency technologies for communication networks are Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Li-Fi. While Li-Fi technology uses light as a communication medium, Wi-Fi and Ethernet both use radio frequency waves [4]. These days, if a customer wants to make purchases at a mall, they must select the item from the display shelf, stand in queue, and then wait for their turn to pay the cashier. It will take a long time for customers to wait while those in front of the queue scan each and every item using a traditional barcode scanner. This is followed by the time it takes to complete the payment process [5]. To increase the quality of the shopping experience for customers, ongoing improvements to the current billing system are required [6]. An RFID system consists of three parts: an antenna, a transceiver (which is sometimes integrated into one reader), and a transponder (the tag). The idea of employing RFID technology will assist reduce the line and time spent or
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