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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Removal of Fluoride From Drinking Water Using Tea Waste as Adsorbent Aparna K T1, Varsha Ashokan2 1M.Tech scholar in Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, M. Dasan Institute of Technology,

Kozhikode, Kerala, India

2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, M. Dasan Institute of Technology, Kozhikode, Kerala, India

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2.2 Adsorbent Preparation

Abstract - Fluoride concentration above 1.5 ppm in

drinking water can cause serious health hazards. A low cost and highly efficient adsorbent is prepared by using tea waste and ability to remove fluoride from drinking water is tested. Tea waste is cleaned and chemically treated with sulphuric acid and formaldehyde which is then digested in alum. The fluoride removal studies are done by adsorption method by tea waste. The effect of contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage are considered in batch study. For column study, a column with 50 mm diameter and height 60cm is used. The experiment is conducted for varying bed depth of 3.5 cm, 5.4 cm, 8.9 cm and flow rate of 5ml/min and 10ml/min. Regeneration study is conducted by using sodium hydroxid and desorption efficiency of cycle 1 and cycle 2 is compared. The exhausted adsorbent is regenerated upto two cycles.

In this study waste tea dust from the home is used to carry out the experiment. The waste tea dust is collected and washed properly to remove the milk and sugar. Then boiled twice inorder to remove the colour. The tea waste is sun dried to remove moisture. The dried tea waste is sieved to get the particles having size 250µm-500µm. The oversized particles are grounded by mortar and pestle and again sieved. For chemical treatment take 10 g of tea leaves and add 100 mL of 0.4 N H2SO4 and 20 ml of 30% formaldehyde. This mixture is kept at a constant temperature of 50° C for 3 hours. Then tea leaves washed with distilled water to remove the acid and formaldehyde. Then it is kept in hot air oven to remove moisture. Tea leaves is then digested in 2% alum solution. This is designated as tea leaves chemically treated with sulphuric acid and formaldehyde.

Key Words: Fluoride, Adsorption, regeneration, column, batch, removal.

1. INTRODUCTION

2.3 Collection of Sample

Groundwater is a renewable resource, yet the world’s supply of groundwater is steadily decreasing especially in Asia and North America [3]. Groundwater quality deterioration and supply of safe drinking water is a major concern throughout the world. Groundwater with high fluoride concentration (>1.5 mg/L), according to WHO (2011), is affecting more than 260 million people around the world [1].

The sample was collected from Palakkad district and various parameters such as pH, TDS, Total hardness, Electrical conductivity, Alkalinity and Fluoride are tested.

2.4 Preparation of Fluoride Solution The required sample solution is made up by diluting Fluoride standard solution traceable to SRM (Standard Reference Material) from NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) NaF in H2O, made in Germany, EMD Millipore Corporation.

Groundwater is one of the primary sources of water for domestic and agriculture uses in Kerala. During the last two decades, the groundwater scenario of Kerala has been witnessing several changes [2].

2.5 SPADNS Spectrophotometric Method

2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

SPADSNS spectrophotometric method is a commonly used method for the determination of fluoride in drinking water.

2.1 Adsorbent Used Camellia sinensis is a species of evergreen shrubs from which an aromatic bevarage called tea is made. It is originated in borderlands of China and Northern Myanmar. Recently the tea consumption around the world is increasing which results in the production of tea leaf waste from the industrial scale extraction of tea leaves to produce instant tea and bottled tea drinks.

This method involves the reaction of fluoride with a red zirconium - dye solution. The basic principle of spectrophotometric method is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength.

2.6 Batch Study Batch study is conducted in order to study the effects of various parameters like adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, Initial fluoride concentration, pH and contact time.

Impact Factor value: 8.226

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