International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
Traffic accidental studies and causes
Varuna VamsiAbstract - RoadaccidentsareStudiesonroadaccidents have indicated that the rate of accidents in developing countriesarehighcomparetothoseindevelopedcountries. The probability of accidents taking place is influenced by many factors. The basic structure of roads, vehicle characteristics, condition of pavements and weather condition;eachofthesefactorscontributeitsownsharein the occurrence of accidents important cause of accidents. Thepresentstudymainlydealswithaccidentalanalysison National Highway-40(NDL-KNL) and its causes. Accident data for a period of six years were collected from the concernedRTIforanalysis.
Key Words: Roadaccidents,Structureofroads,Vehicle characteristics , Condition of pavements and Weather conditions,Nandyal–Kurnool.
1.INTRODUCTION
Roadaccidentsaretreated asoneof the main reasonsfor deathsglobally.Nearlyhalfamillionpeoplehavebeenkilled in road related accidents every year. Studies on road accidents have indicated that the rate of accidents in developingcountriesarehighcomparetothoseindeveloped countries. The probability of accidents taking place is influenced by many factors. The basic structure of roads, vehicle characteristics, condition of pavements and weathercondition;eachofthesefactorscontributeitsown share in the occurrence of accidents important cause of accidents. Accident data for a period of Six years were collected from the concerned RTI for analysis. From this analysissuitablepreventivemeasuresweresuggested.
2 Objectives of study
1.Toidentifyvariousfactorsresponsiblefortheoccurrence of accidents in selected stretch of NH-40 from Nandyal to Kurnool.
2.Toquantifytheireffectsonthecausationofaccidents.
3.Toensurethatallhighwayschemesshouldoperate to trafficandtominimizerisksofallroadusers.
4.Torectifythefailuresofroadandprovidingguidelinesto theroadusers.
3 Study area
NH-40 Road network is from Kurnool to Chittoor. AccidentalstudystretchisNANDYAL-KURNOOL.
4 Terms and definitions
Accident: An accident is an unintentional incident that happensunexpectedlyresultingindamageorinjury.
Fatal: Itmeansapersonalinjuryresultingindeathofthe person.
Non–Fatal: Non-fatalmeanswhichdoesnotleadstodeath. Grievous: Which causes great pain or very severe to individual.
Head on Collision: Aheadoncollisionisatrafficcollision wherethefrontendoftwovehicles(Suchascars,trains)hit eachotherinoppositedirection
Rear end Collision:Itisatrafficaccidentwhereinvehicle crashesintothevehicleinfrontofit.
Side Collision: Sidecollisionarevehiclecrasheswhereone ormorevehiclesareimpacted.
4 Methodology
4.1DATACOLLECTION
The road details of past six years (2017-2022) were collectedfromRTIonline.
4.2ANALYSISOFTHEDATA
After the data compilation is completed the further analysis of the data is done based on the accident severity indexmethod.Thedatagatheredisthensortedoutandput into respective tables for comparison. Various graphs are plottedtoseethevariationsinaccidentratesovertheyears andobservethetrend.
YEAR WISE ACCIDENT DATA:
Thefollowingtableshowsyearwiseaccidentsoccurredin 2017-2022 . It reveals that more number of accidents occurredineachyearareinruralareasandlessnumberof accidentsare occurredinurbanareas.
Classification accidents are fatal, grievous injured and minorinjured.
The following table shows year wise classification of accidents.
TYPES OF VEHICLES INVOLVED IN ACCIDENTS
Thevehiclesarecategorizedinto
1. LightMotorVehicle(LMV)
2. MediumMotorVehicle(MMV)
3. HeavyMotorVehicle(HMV)
4. Unknown
1. LMV : Light Motor Vehicle which is known as the non-transportvehicle.
Ex:Motorvehicles,cars etc.,
2. MMV:MediumMotor Vehiclewhichisknownasa heavypassengervehicle.
Ex:Minivans,Institutionalbuses etc.,
3. HMV : Heavy Motor Vehicles are heavy – duty and usedforcommercialpurpose.
Ex:Trucks,Lorriesetc.,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
TIME WISE DISTRIBUTION OF ACCIDENTS
Thetimeofoccurrenceofaccidentsiscategorized into hourly blocks indicating that the accidents are distributedthroughouttheday.
NATURE OF ACCIDENTS
Theheadonaccidentsaremoreduetoerroneousjudgement ofplacingofvehiclesandmisjudgementofspeedsbetween opposingandfollowingvehicles.
The loss of control, sideswipe and overturn exhibits either vehicular defects or insufficient road geometry or lack of information about road traffic/condition to take advances actionstopreventaccidents.
The nature of accidents are head on, rear end, side swipe, rightturn,leftturnetc.,
Theanalysisclearlybringsouttheurgentneedtoimprove roadgeometryandimprovetheadvanceprecautions.
In the given below from 2017-2022 classified based on natureofaccidentsforeachofyear.
Inthisaccidentanalysisclearlybringsoutthatthenumberof accidents are more during the time of 11am – 12pm, 4pm-5pmand12am-1ami.e., thenumberofaccidentsare 53,58,112respectively.
Ifweobserveabovegraphtherearemoreaccidentsbetween 12am–1amtheremaybeareason dependsuponhuman characteristics i.e., driver thinks that needs to reach the destinationplaceasearlyaspossibleatthattimetheremay bepossiblefor occurringmoreaccidents.
CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
1. Roaduser:Excessivespeed,rashdriving,violation of traffic rules , sign, signals, carelessness, Alcohol, sleepetc.,
2. Vehicle:Failureofbrakes,steeringsystem,tire-burst, lightingsystem.
3. Road condition : Skidding road surface , pot holes etc.,
4. Roaddesign:Inadequatesightdistance,inadequate widthofshoulders,impropercurvedesign,improper trafficcontroldevicesandimproperlighting.
5. Environmentalfactors:Mist,snow,smokeandheavy rainfall.
6. Othercauses:Improperlocationofadvertisement.
CONCLUSIONS
1. By the observation that the most of the accidents arenon-fatalinjuryaccidentsinthestudystretch.
2. Weobservedthatroadconditionisthemainreason fortheaccidents
3. Finally, through the proposed road, accidents are occurring due to the over speed of vehicle, rash drivinganddrunkenanddrivecases.
4. In the study area stretch the mainly causing accidentsduetolorry’sandcars.
5. To overcome this, we have to bring awareness to thevehicleusersandeducatethepeopleabout
REFERENCES
1. MinistryofRoadTransportHighway(MORTH)
2. June 2018 International journal of Civil Engineeringandtechnology(IJCET)B.Nagakiran andDr.N.Kumaraswamy,(2018)Driver’s opinion onRoadsafetyforIndianNationalHighway40.