Foolproof Ticketing System Management for Bus

Foolproof Ticketing System Management for Bus

1Department of computer science and Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Tamilnadu, Chennai

2 Department of computer science and Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Tamilnadu, Chennai

3 Assistant Professor, Department of computer science and Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Tamilnadu, Chennai ***

Abstract –Bus station transport is still one of the most widely used modes of transportation worldwide, particularly in India. Because of this, all of their working strategies make it easier to achieve the desired results. Thesetechnologicaladvancementsnowprovideoneofthe first-class services by means of the film station department and offer RFID eBook generation. Customers' payment for passengers is greatly simplified as a result, andtheyarerelievedofhavingtodealwithissuesliketrip tickets. The main goal of introducing this kind of gadget maybetosimplifytheprocessofbookingandsellingprice tickets. This type of tags are used for manner verification andcanbeusedtoavoidfoolproofingthemachine.There are numerous passengers present, all of whom could use some additional financial support from donations. These RFIDbandsaremucheasiertoread.

Key Words: Automatic Train Ticketing System (ATTS); RFID train system; NFC train system; QR train system; Tickets Generation Machines (TGM); Tickets Punching Machines (TPM); Near field communication(NFC); AutomaticTicketsCheckingMethods(ATCM)

1. INTRODUCTION

RFID is also referred to as a frequency identification tool which turns within the shape of tags. These are the technologiesofthefuture.RFIDinitiativeshavebeenused and these technologies are a good deal greener. This type of RFID tag uses mechanical radio wave recognition to transferdatatoit.TheRFIDtagtypicallyusesthechipasa reader because it has an antenna implanted inside of it. The reader portion and the tag are considered to be the two most crucial parts of an RFID system. Introduce electromagneticwavesandmodulesusinganRFIDtagand readertosendtheinformation.Suchautomaticticketingis made possible by this RFID machine's embedded technology.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Title : 1 Smart Bus System based on IoT

Author: Meet J. Shah, Rajesh P. Prasad, Aashutosh S. Singh.

TheSmartBusgadgetincludesnumerousfeatures,butthe fundamentalfeatureistheautomatedreservingoftickets. The gadget includes bus gadgets hooked up, one at the gateway and the opposite at the go out of the gateway. Each tool used to experiment the access and go out of passengers could have an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)tagtobeabletobescannedbyRFID.Ithas acompletelyuniqueGPSmodule,agoodwaytoupdatethe placeofthebusatcertainperiods,soastobebeneficialin both instances to decide the place of the passenger. The fare machine will calculate the space traveled and deduct the whole quantity from the passenger's pockets that can be treated inside the S-Bus cell application. In addition to this,thesystemalsocantrackthevicinityofthebusinreal time so that the user can plan the path for this reason. When all the transactions are transferred into the database, they may be exhibited to schedule the bus and analyzethe frequencyoftransactionsalongsidethe route. Daily, weekly and monthly visitors records might be analyzedwithgraphsandfactsthroughreal-timestatistics ingestion. Therefore, the clever bus is an efficient, timely and dependable gadget, able to computerized ticket reserving,real-timebustracks,andastrategicdeviceand control asa waytointhelongrunmaketheadventure of passengers clean, store paper via digitization and shop time.Andplanninginplanning.

Title: 2 Bus Ticket Online Cras System

Author: Nwakanma Ifeani Kosmas, Etus S., Ajere I.W. And Agomuo Uchechukwu God willing.

The online bus ticket reserving device is an internet application that runs on a centralized community. This mission gives a top level view of the usage of the "Bus Online Booking System '' software program in the bus transportation gadget, a device that can be used for seat

reservations, cancellations, and numerous forms of tour requests in order to offer tickets quickly. OBTRS is designedtoarrangeandcalculateconventionaldatabases, ebook tickets and tune business and trips. It supports all informationstreaming,databus,statisticsebook.TheImo TransportCompany(ITC)wasselectedasacasetolookat because of its strategic significance to Imo State. A Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM)wasadopted.Inaddition,thePHPpersonalhome page (PHP) language became used for this system interface,andthelower back seizedchanged into evolved usingMySQL.Consequently, the programhasthecapacity to improve purchaser courting management in ITC operations. It is suggested that, notwithstanding the present functionality of this system, additions must be carriedoutinthemachine,whichincludetheuseofe-mail tickets and sending notifications to the customer, in addition to on-line charge the usage of a credit / debit card. In addition, other sports done by way of ITC, consisting of courier services, must additionally be incorporatedforabetterdevice.

Title 3: targets of the Smart bus Ticketing System

Title 4: Smart Ticketing System for Railways in Smart Cities using Software as a Service Architecture

Author: Mr. Godson Michael D’silva, Mr.Anoop Kunjumon Scariah, Mr.Lukose Roy Pannapara and Ms. Jessica John Joseph

S2, Ashwini R. G3, Sneha G4, Shradha5

Public transport is the most inexpensive and most dependablemodeof transportinIndiaandhaslongbeen famous with the public. Deportation is a first-rate form of public shipping in India and performs an essential function in transportation. Since public transportation provides a without a doubt exceptional shape of public help, there is a growing want for a clear and reliable transportationdeviceineverydayexistenceastheyrelyan increasing number of on open vehicles for work, faculty, clinical clinics, and so forth. With this in mind, this text proposes a brand new RFID-based total system wherein every passenger is issued a clever card with an RFID tag. After filling inside the departure, choosing the vacation spot and the primary component on the card, the RFID readerscansit,

and the debit gadget is paid by the passenger's money owed based totally on the records supplied. Agents and card management are also feasible inside the device. The present. The system's goal is to make public transportation networks easier to navigate for visitors, eliminatingtheneedforpaperticketsintheprocess.RFID, Android,andG

In order to authenticate and authorize legitimate commuters to suit one's comfort level, purpose, or requirements while traveling, the railways in the suburbs of Mumbai implemented a ticketing system. The population that started using this train grew significantly asaresultoftheabundanceofemploymentopportunities inMumbai,whichledtoanumberofproblemslikeneverending lines, paper waste, a significant amount of resources, and staff utilization. Alternative approaches that were suggested as a solution to these problems utterly failed. In addition, despite the vast amount of data produced from commuters, no analysis was ever conducted to improve the quality of the train service and the commuter experiences. The flexibility of using seasonal tickets according to the amount of days subscribed will benefit commuters. Authorities can also recognize commuters using this model who either never payforticketstheybuyorforgettobringtheirpasseswith them. The proposed system will also promote affordable offerstotraincommutersbasedoncrowdanalysis.

Title 5: RFID-based Ticketing for Public Transport System.

Author: Md. FoisalMahediHasan, Golam Tangim,Md. Kafiul Islam, Md.Rezwanul Haque Khandokar, Arif Ul Alam

Extreme system failures, malicious public discourse, corruption, and traffic jams are all effects of the city's paper-based public transit ticketing system. The automated,moreuser-friendlywayofticketingandcredit transactions suggested in this paper uses RFID-based tickets.Theoverallsystem'smainpurposeistoguarantee uniformity among various bus agencies, resulting in uniform access for commuters during daily rides via an automated server that is updated each time a passenger usesRFID-basedticketstotravel.

Title 6: IoT Based Ticket Checking System

Author: Kirti Dhiman1, Er. CK Raina2

Asizable network exists on theInternet. TheInternet is a vast network of computer networks that are linked together using protocols. The internet is used in daily life for communication, information searching, and other purposes. Things are significant data or equipment. The population has been increasing daily in recent years, and smart communities are becoming more and more well-

liked. In this article, we demonstrate a "IOT BASED TICKET CHECKING SYSTEM." This device includes an IOT modulethatexaminesbusriders'tickets.Thedesignofthe bussystemisexplainedbythissystem.

EXISTING SYSTEM:

There is no appropriate price ticket service device in the cutting-edgedevice;passengerswillnolongerbeassigned apriceasatimecarrier.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

With respect to practical applications, RFID has both advantages and disadvantages; this kind of RFID can operateinareaswithfewerregulations.

Real-time RFIDs are very reasonably priced and can be returned, making it simple to gather passenger informationthroughadatabase.

Mountainclimbingandmountainclimbingaremuchmore secure and easy compared to others, even though the exploratory type of human beings are much easier to identify. In order to complete the job, additional systems can be embedded, and the scanner technologies are very similar.

When compared to other ticketing methods, this type of speed and accuracy are significantly easier to implement, and it's anticipated that this project will be implemented in bus stations to the greatest degree possible across the 22countries.

PROJECT DESIGN

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM

HARDWARE EXPLANTION:

ARDUINO UNO AND ITS PROGRAMMING

Arduino is a tool for creating computer systems that are more capable of comprehending and managing the physicalworldthanyournotebookcomputer.Itisanopen source physical computing platform that is completely constructedfromaboardwithabasicmicrocontrollerand a software development environment. Arduino can be used to design interactive objects by taking input from variousswitchesorsensorsandcontrollingvariousforms of physical expression, such as illumination and vehicles. Both solo and computer software-interactive, Arduino projects are possible. Tables can be put together by hand orboughtready-made;theopensourceIDEisavailablefor free.

Arduino Uxo:

Atmega328has32KBofmemory.(ofwhich0.5KBisused for the bootloader). Additionally, it has a 1 KB EEPROM anda2KBSRAM.

Input and output

The methods pinMode(), digitalwrite(), and digitalread() alloweachdigitalpinontheUno14tobeusedasaninput oroutput.Atfivevolts,theywork.Eachpinhasa20–50k internal pull-up resistance that is by default deactivated and has a maximum current capacity of 40 mA. Several contactshaveadditionaldistinctpowers;

RF BASICS

Radio frequency generation, or as it is now known, Wi-Fi technology, is the process of creating, modifying, transmitting,andreceivingradiowavesforthepurposeof transmittingdata(bothanaloganddigital).

RF Communication:

By producing electromagnetic waves at the source, radio frequency communication generates electromagnetic waves that can be gathered for a specific place. These electromagneticwavesmovethroughtheatmosphereata rate that is relatively rapid and similar to moderate. The frequency of an electromagnetic signal has an inverse relationshipwiththedurationofthesignal;thehigherthe frequency,thequickerthedecline.

Hertz (cycles per second) is the unit of measurement for frequency,whilethewirelessfrequencyunitsarekilohertz (kHz or thousand cycles per second), megahertz (MHz or million cycles per second), and gigahertz. (GHz or billions of cycles in keeping with 2d). Wavelengths are shortened athigherfrequencies.Incomparisontoa2.44GHzdevice, a900MHztoolhasalengthierlatency.

Longer signifiers typically span farther and move around androundobjectsmoreeffectivelythanshortersignifiers.

CEIVER MODULE:

Pin 1 in this transmission segment is the antenna pin, to whichtheantennacanbeconnectedtosendRFdata;Pin2 is the data entry pin, which is the encoder; Pin 3 is the power pin; and Pin 4 is the VCC, which is for the transmittingsegment

FunctionalRxsegmentblockwithpins1,2,3,and4

1-Antenna

2–InputData

3-Ground

4-VCC

Pin 1 serves as the antenna pin during the reception phase.Pin2servesasthecircuitdecoderpin.Pin3serves as the floor pin. Pin 4 serves as the VCC. This is the workingportionofthereceiver.

IR (Infrared) Sensor

Adigitaldevicecalledaninfraredsensoremanateslightto detect favorable aspects of the road. An IR monitor can measure the object's temperature and detect movement. Thesekindsofsensors,alsoreferredtoaspirsensors,only detect infrared radiation and do not emit it. Nearly every device that emits infrared light does so in some way. Our senses cannot see this kind of radiation, but infrared technology can be used to find it. Sincerely, the source is anIR.

The detector is essentially an IR photodiode that has the same frequency as an IR LED and is sensitive to IR radiation.DependingonhowmuchIR lightiscapturedby thephotodiode,the IR Sensor circuit

RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER: RF TRANSMITTER MODULE:

FunctionalblockofTxsectionwhere

1,2,3,4arethepins

1 -Antenna

2 -Datainput

3 -Ground

4-VCC

IR Sensor Applications

IR sensors are used in a wide range of sensor-based projects and in a variety of electronic devices that detect temperature,aswillbediscussedbelow.

Radiation Thermometers

When it comes to the temperature and material of the object, radiation thermometers use IR sensors to detect the temperature, and these thermometers have some of thefollowingcharacteristics.

Readingstakenapartfromtheobjectbeingmeasured

⮚ Fasterreaction

⮚ Easydimensiontemplate

Flame Monitors

Thesekindsoftoolsareusedtoobserveaflame'sburning processanddetectthelightitemits.Theflameemitslight that ranges in wavelength from UV to IR. PbS, PbSe, pyro electric,anddual color reader Someof the typical devices usedinflamemonitorsincludethedetector

Moisture Analyzers

The wavelengths used by moisture analyzers are those that moisture of the infrared type can absorb. These wavelengths (1.1m,1.4m,1.9m,anda setof.7m)andin accordance with the wavelengths are used to irradiate objects. The moisture content of the objects affects how much light they reflect, which is found with the help of a moisture analysis. (the ratio of the reflected light to these wavelengths to consult the pondered light to kill). Photoconductive Pbs detectors are used in moisture analysiscircuitsinGaAsPINphotodiodes.

IR Imaging Devices

Due to its invisibility advantages, IR waves are one of the basic packages used in IR device imaging. It is used for a variety of devices, including infrared cameras and night visionequipment.

For example, infrared radiation is emitted by various materials,includingwater,rocks,earth,

vegetation, air, and the human body. By measuring this radiation that falls within the visible infrared, infrared thermal detectors can show the spatial temperature of an objectorareainaphotograph.Indiumantimonide(InAm), germanium (GdHg), and mercury (HgCdTe) alloys (mercury-cadmium-telluride).

LCD Display:

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are made of materials that blend the properties of crystals and beverages. Instead, they have a melting point temperature where the molecules are grouped in an organized crystal structure andarenearlyascellularasinaliquid.

CONTROLLER IC FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

REGISTERS:

Onthechipdriver,therearetwo eight-bitregisterscalled the guiding sign in (IR) and the sign up sign up. (DR). IR saves handling data and guidance information in Display Data RAM (DD RAM) and Character Generator RAM. (CG RAM). The MPU can only be handled in the IR and cannot beexamined.

In the DR, information that needs to be written to or examinedisstoredbriefly.Asaninternalwriteprocedure, DataisroboticallywrittentotheDDRAMorCGRAMfrom theMPUtotheDR.

When an address is written to the IR, statistics from the DD RAM are immediately transferred to the DR. After the data has been passed between MPUs, the MPU reads the DR. In addition, the MPU DR looks at the data regarding thelocationsentbytheDRitselfthatiskeptinDDRAMor, similarlytohowithappensforanMPUDRwrite,thenext DDRAMaddressischosenforthewriteprocess.

Alphanumeric characters, Japanese kana characters, and emblems are displayed on the monitor by the liquid crystalmatrixcontrollerandtheLSIdriver,respectively.It can be set up as a liquid crystal dot matrix display

controlled by a four- or eight-bit microprocessor. Since every feature, including the program . A minimal device can be set up for this controller/driver because RAM, a person generator, and the liquid crystal driver needed to power a liquid crystal show matrix are all internally suppliedonasinglechip

Conclusion:

As a result of technological advancements, all traditional methods have altered recently. Similar improvements havebeenmadetoregistrationsystems,includingtheuse ofRFIDandQRcodes.Thedeveloperwantsthedeveloper, theloosepool,and thepath fromthesoccersquad.It will beeasiertoobtainanduseifpublicshippingischangedto moreconvenientdeliverymethods.Utilizingpublictransit effectively is one of the solutions to the expanding transportation problems in big cities. Even the device for public transportation wants to change. The advent of digitalization has allowed logistics service providers to virtually obtain price ticket information and businesspeople. During the event, this approach also gets ridofthepaperlogistics.

References:

1. Mr. Godson Michael D’silva, Mr.AnoopKunjumonScariah, Mr.Lukose Roy Pannapara and Ms. Jessica John Joseph “Smart Ticketing System for Railways in Smart Cities using Software as a Service Architecture”International conferenceonI-SMAC(IoTinSocial,Mobile,Analytics andCloud)(ISMAC2017)

2. Md.FoisalMahediHasan,*GolamTangim,

3. *Md. Kafiul Islam, *Md. RezwanulHaqueKhandokar, *** ArifUlAlam “RFIDbasedTicketingforPublicTransportSystem”978-14244-5540-9/10/$26.00©2016IEEE

4. Kirti Dhiman1, Er. CK Raina2 “IoT Based Ticket CheckingSystem”Vol.6,Issue3,March2017

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