International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Delineation of Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones Using GeoSpatial Technique Sweta Patil1, Rajwardhan Patil2 Dhanraj Patil3, Abhishek Rathi4, Pooja Kamble5, Manisha Mare6 1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology & Science, Pune, India 2,3,4,5,6 BE Student & Sinhgad Institute of Technology & Science, Pune, India
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Abstract - Water is one of the basic needs of any region for
Proper planning and efficient management for groundwater recharge is of utmost importance.
sustainable economic development and progress. There are various limitations regarding availability of surface and subsurface water, hence exploration of groundwater becomes inevitable. This study is aimed to trace the new water resources using Geo-spatial technique. The thematic layers considered in this study are geomorphology, soil, land use land cover, slope, drainage density and rainfall using satellite data and ancillary data. The thematic layers were digitized from satellite imagery supported by ancillary data such as toposheets. Finally the thematic layers were integrated using ArcGIS software to generate a map showing groundwater recharge potential zones in the study area. Groundwater recharge potential zones were identified, namely ‘good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’ using multi-criteria weighted overlay analysis by knowledge based assigned weightage and ranked influence factors. The results obtained based on geo-spatial technique are verified using field conditions of the study area. It is concluded that the geospatial technique is very efficient, time and cost effective and useful for identification of groundwater potential zones for exploration.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW In recent times, many researchers such as Meijerink et al. (1996), Scanlon et al. (2002), Yeh et al. (2009 & 2015), Patil et al. (2014 & 2019), Sharma (2016) and Tripathi (2017) have used the approach of remote sensing and GIS for identification of groundwater prospect zones and delineating the potential recharge for the selected area. Vidhya and Vinay Kumar (2018) have used the GIS technique for identification of groundwater potential zones using nine parameters and then to delineate groundwater potential zones. Devanatham et al. (2020), Derdour (2022), Patil et al. (2014), Yeh et al. (2009) have used GIS to delineate groundwater potential zones. Patil et al. (2019) have applied remote sensing and GIS for processing and identification of groundwater potential recharge zones and identification of sites for artificial recharge structures. Integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS can provide the appropriate platform for convergent analysis of divergent datasets for decision making in not only mapping and planning of groundwater resources but also management of groundwater resources for its efficient and cost effective use for a region or state. This study is aimed to develop and apply integrated methods for combining the information obtained by analysing multi-source remotely sensed data in a GIS environment for better understanding the groundwater resource for a micro watershed, designated by Groundwater Surveys and development Agency (GSDA), Govt. of Maharashtra, in Pune district, Maharashtra, India.
Key Words: groundwater, potential zones, Recharge, geospatial, multi-criteria analysis
1.INTRODUCTION Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic development, and ecological diversity. The prevention of contamination of groundwater and managing its use will ensure the quality does not get affected as it is an essential part of ecological cycles and human needs. The frequency of groundwater flow is influenced by two properties of the rock: porosity and permeability. Rainfall in India is erratic, uneven, and uncertain due to which groundwater recharge becomes unpredictable and uncontrolled Groundwater occurrence is in pockets/zones of hard rock terrains, and it is therefore necessary to locate such zones and increase the quantum of groundwater recharge Need to identify the trend of distribution of groundwater recharge on watershed scale using advanced technology like Geospatial techniques Remote Sensing and Geospatial techniques are innovative tools available to the researchers for scientific study of distribution of groundwater recharge on watershed scale.
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STUDY AREA The study area is a watershed in the Pune district of Maharashtra, covering about 120 sq. km, which lies in between latitudes 18o 25’ 0’’ to 18o 27’ 30’’ N and o longitudes 74 15’ 0’’ to 73o 17’ 30’’ E. The location map of the study area is shown in the Figure 1. The study area is surrounded by hills, plateau and valleys. Geologically majority of area is falls under the Deccan Trap Basalt. Temperature in the study area ranges from 10o C (minimum) to 40o C (maximum). Average annual rainfall in the study area
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