Multipurpose Agriculture Pesticide Sprayer Robot (SprayRo)

Multipurpose Agriculture Pesticide Sprayer Robot (SprayRo)

Student MTech (VLSI & Embedded System) G.H. RAISONI University Amravati 444701, Maharashtra, India

Contact: katodeakash@gmail.com

Guide, Dr. A. O. Vyas, Professor, Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, G.H. RAISONI University Amravati 444701, Maharashtra, India ***

Abstract – Agriculture is world’s largest sector where millions and trillions of people do farming for their Daly Live hood. world’s largest populationuse to do farmingforearning money. To fulfill the daily needs of people, farmers have to increase the crop productivity, amount of production and many more improvements. For that numbers of researchers andinnovatorsaredoingtoomanyinnovationsinagricultural automation system. Day by day they all are improving the existing systems to increase the productivity. They all are making smart changes in agricultural equipment’s. As compare to other countries India is facing different kind of problem’s, 58% of Indian population use to do farming as a primary source of live hood and it plays vital role in Indian economy.Where20%ofIndianfarmerslivebelowpovertyline and they can’t afford smart systems in their farms. Because of this we have created low-cost solution for farmer. We have created a smart customized agriculture pesticide sprayer robot with multifunctionality approach using advance ARM Dule core processor. We can operate this robot by using customized regional language application to help illiterate farmers and farm workers. Our system support multifunctionality like, pesticide sprayer, weed cutter, seed sowing, drip irrigation and night vision lamps.

Key Words: Smart Farming, Agriculture Technology, Embedded System, ARM processor, Robotics, Agricultural automation,ArmCortex

1. INTRODUCTION

Theaimofourarticle/paperistoservefocusofpeopleon ourresearchwork Butbeforewritingaboutourworkand researchfirstwehavetoknowaboutgroundrealityofIndia and oversize agricultural sector. As weknow the growing global demand for food will be a major challenge for agriculture, together with the necessity to support the emergenceoftechnologiesabletomeetenvironmentaland ethical standards, also promoting efficiency and healthy workenvironments.Inhorticultureandagriculture,research and projects on automatic driverless vehicles and autonomous tractors started in the early 1960s. Where in Indiasituationisdifferent.AllacrosstheIndia58%ofpeople usetodofarmingamongthem20%offarmerslivebelow thepovertyrate.Inthenameoftechnicaldevices,theonly canaffordbasicequipment’swhichisavailableunderfew thousands’ Indian rupees. On other side numbers of

researchers dose a nice and excellent work in agriculture sector. They all have created multiple agricultural automationequipment’swhicharehumanless.Butpotential cost of that equipment’s is also high. Robotics plays very important role in innovation. We can reduce the work of human by using robotic technology. As we know Israel is worldpowerinagriculturesectorbecauseoftheirresearch indifferentagriculturecultivationequipment’s.Theyhave introducedsmartgadgetsinagriculture.Ifwethinkabout innovation in agriculture sector, we first have to study earlierresearchesofinnovators.Wheretheyhavecreated robots,irrigationsystems,irrigationwaterpumpcontrollers, smart harvesters, smart multipurpose attachments for tractors. Here in India situation is different, maximum of farmworkisdonebymanualprocess.Asweknowfarming have different stages like soil preparation, Seed sowing, manuring,irrigation,Weeding,harvestingandstorage.This allprocessneedstobeautomatedforincreasingproduction speedandquality.Butnooneservetheirfocusedtogether on maximums process. In India soil preparation, seed sowing, Manuring processes are done by manual process where they use bag pack sprayers for manuring process. Thisprocessiseasyandsprayingpesticideandchemicalby usingbagpacksprayerisquiteeasy,efficient,andlesscostly. Butitcomeswithmultipledrawbacks,asweknowchemical are dangerous for human but in India farmers and farm workersnevertaketheprecautionduringmanuringprocess. Theyonlyfollowfewsafetiesinstructionlikewearmasks, handglowsandduringmixingstayawayfromchemical.But attheendoftheyhavetocarrythatbagpackontheirback and during spraying the pesticide the chances of getting contaminationofharmfulchemicalsarehigh.Tosolvethis kind of issues we have created multipurpose customized agriculturepesticidesprayerrobot.

Our robot is going to cover multiple process of farming, duringthedesignofourrobotwehaveworkedonmultiple process of farming like Seed sowing, Manuring, Irrigation and weed cutting. Our customize agriculture pesticide sprayer robot have this all facilities. Our robot has weed cuttersystemwithit wecanperformdripirrigation.Very importantandnecessaryfeatureofourrobotisthat,itcan carryfifteenlittersofpesticideandwecansprayitbyusing flexiblefogspraynozzle’s.Wecanincreaseanddecreasethe Hightofthenozzle’sasperrequirementtospraypesticide on crop of different Hight. Spray Ro support Seed sowing

system. And if we want to operate this robot in night, we havenightvisionlampswithit.Wehavecreatedthisrobot tohelppoorandaliteratefarmersandfarmworkersofIndia sothecostofitisgoingtobeveryaffordableforthem.Aswe knowliteracyrateoffarmworkersandfarmersofIndiais notthatmuchgood.Tohelpilliterateworkersandfarmers wehavecreateduserfriendlyrobotcontrollerapplication withdifferentIndianregionallanguagesupport.Becauseof thisanyonecanoperatethisSprayRosmoothlywithoutany training.Theideabehindthisproject,needs,Design,howwe havecreateditispresentinnextsections.

List of Attachments:

1. Pesticide sprayer system with multiple nozzle attachment

2. Seedsowingsystem

3. Weedcutter

4. Dripirrigationsystem

5. Nightvisionlamps

6. Multiple rechargeable Battery pack as per requirement

7. Renewableenergysourcechargeri.e.,SolarPanel

CustomerofourSpray-Rocanchooseanyfiveattachments fortheirrobotaspertheirrequirement.

This system is also created to help illiterate farmers and farm workers. As we know in India 58% of people dose a farmingwheremaximumofthemareilliterate.Tosolvethis problem, we have created a customize regional language applicationinterfaceinmultipleregionallanguages.Marathi forMaharashtra,HindiforoverallHindispeakingstatesof India, Tamil language application for Tami Nadu, Telegu applicationforAndhraPradeshandTelangana,andKanad applicationfor Karnataka. Byusing this regional language applicationanyilliteratepersonalsocanoperateourrobot veryeasily.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Atfirststageofourresearch,wedoseasurveyofmultiple agriculturalequipment’savailableinthemarket.Someofthe researchers dose a work on different agricultural technologieswedoseareviewoftheirwork.Inthisprocess wefindoutsomeworkdoneinpastwhichisappreciablebut have a little bit problem in it. Some of the earlier work in sameresearchareaiswhatwearegoingtopresentinthis section.

Earlier Work

Toknowaboutthestandardandeffectivenessofearlier innovation we first dose a survey of existing technologies involvesinreducingthehumaneffortsoffarmers.Numbers

oftechnologiesareinventedinallaroundworldfromthem wehavechosenthreebasictechnologiesinventedtospray pesticideoncrop.AsweknowinIndia farmingisdoneby traditionalways.Thepesticidesprayerisoneamongthem and it is done by traditional farm workers by carrying backpack typesprayer, which requires human effort orby using electric pump. Spraying chemicals is a common operationinagriculturecropprotection.

2.1.

Therearethreedifferenttypesofbagpacksprayersare availableinIndianmarketforsprayingpesticidemanualthey are:

1.

Thistypeofbagpacksprayerworkonmanualpressure maintainedandcreatedbyincreasingpressurebyusinghand movement.belowfigureshowstheoperationandhandlingof thiskindofproduct.Thiskindofproductisveryaffordableit is going to cost you around 1500 Indian rupees which is equivalentto20USdollars.

Thistypeofbagpacksprayerworkonsameprinciplelike manual pressure bag pack sprayer. Instead of using mechanicalpressuresystemtheyhaveintroduceddcmotor pumpwithrechargeablebatterywhichisgoingtoprovide youeighthoursofbatterybackupforsprayingpesticide.Itis goingtocostyouaround2500to3000Indianrupeeswhichis equivalentto35USdollars.Andwholesystemisaffordable forIndianfarmer.Figure2showstheworkingofit.

In this type of bag pack sprayer system, we can carry morepesticideascomparetomanualandbatterybagpack sprayer.Itiscapableofcarrying20litersofpesticideandwe canoperateitbyusingtraditionalfuelslikepetrolordiesel.It comes in multiple nozzle’s attachment’s according to the typesofcrops.Itisgoingtocostyouaround15000Indian rupeeswhichisequivalentto190USdollars.

These all types of manual bag pack sprayer are in affordable prize and very cost effective. Every farmer can afford this type of sprayer system but it also has some dangerous side effects. As we know spraying pesticide operationisessential,butitcancreatesomeproblemssuch ashumanandenvironmentaldamagesbyoverdosingusing pesticides.Theseallthesystemaremanualwherewehaveto mix a pesticide in tank first and this process is manual. Wheneverhumancarrythisbagpacksonbackinthenameof protectionweonlyhavesingleprecautionaswehavetowear a mask during pesticide spraying. We can’t eliminate the physicalcontactofframeworkerwithpesticide.Toimprove such problems inventors, introduce a pesticide sprayer drone.

2.2.

Toovercometheissuesofearlierexistingsystemsomeof theresearcher’sinventedaquadcoptersanddronestospray pesticideonfarm.

Theuniversalsprayersystemisusedtosprayforbothliquid andsolidcontent.Intheirresearch,theyhavealsocompared different controllers needed for agricultural purposes and concludedthatquadcoptersystemwithAtmega644PAisthe mostsuitableduetoitsefficientimplementation.

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FollowedbythiskindofresearchsomeoftheIndianand foreigncountriesjumpedinthemarketofdronesandthey havestartedastartupindronemanufacturing.Andtheyall aresellingdronesinmarketsuccessfully.Butasweknowthe groundrealityofIndianfarmers,theycan’taffordthiskindof costly system. They onlycan get the benefits of systemon rent basis. This type of drones going to cost you around 500000to800000lakhIndianrupeeswhichistoocostlyfor poorIndianfarmers.

Their study also involves performance evaluation on dischargeandpressureofsprayliquid,sprayliquidlossand determination of droplet size and density. Through their project,theyfinallymadeadronecapableofcarrying5.5Lof liquidwithanendurancetimeof16min.

Dronesarepracticallyperfectforpesticidesprayingbut cost of it is very high. One more drawback is there with drones,itiscapableofdrivingverylowamountofpesticide withit.Aftereachfifteenminuteyouhavetofeedpesticidein emptytankofdrones.Wecan’trundronesfortoomuchtime becauseoflesstankstoragecapacity.Itisquitedifficulttask forpoorandalliteratepeopletolearnprecisionlevelofflying drone. Drone companies provide fifteen to twenty days of training period to teach people about drone flying. Drone controllersarequitedifficultforlearningandeachtimewe can’t afford drone pilots to spray the pesticide. In India average numbers of farmers spend their whole life to do

farming and they can’t even afford tractors which is multipurposevehicle.Mainquestionarisesthathowtheycan affordthecostofdronewhichiscreatedtodoonlysingletask as pesticide sprayer. To overcome these problems some researchers have invented multipurpose pesticide sprayer robots.

2.3. Pesticide and multipurpose Robots

Toovercomeproblemsofpesticidedronesandtoreducethe costsomeoftheinventorsandresearcherscomesinmarket with new affordable designs of multipurpose agriculture pesticidesprayerrobots.Theydoseatoomuchresearchin thisspecificzonewheretheyhavecreatedrobotstosowa seedinlandwithit,theycanspraypesticide.Someofthem servemultifunctionalitylikeharvesting,seedsowing,weed cutting,grasscuttingandusageofrenewablepowersupply. Some of the work is we are going to discuss in following sectionasshown.

1. Philip J. Sammons,FurukawaTomonari,andBulgin

Andrewproposedintheirpaper―AutonomousPesticide SprayingRobotforuseinaGreenhouse‖Thatanengineering solutionincludessprayingpotentiallytoxicchemicalsinthe confinedspaceofahotandsteamyglasshousetothecurrent humanhealthhazards.Thisisdonebydesigningandbuilding anindependentmobilerobotthatcanbeusedincommercial greenhousesforToolstocontrolinsectsandpreventdisease. The efficacy of this method is shown by the ability of the platformstomaneuverthemselvesefficientlydowntherows of a greenhouse, while the pesticide spraying system effectively covers the plants with spray uniformly in the specifieddosages.Theresultsshowedthattherobotwasable to meet the physical standards set by the National GreenhouseHorticultureCentre,sothatitcouldworkinits greenhouses.Therobotalsometthetimeithadtofaceand economicconstraints.Therobotcoulddriveupanddownthe tracksinthegreenhouse.Therailsaresensedeffectivelyby theInductionProximitySensorsandoperatedsatisfactorily. The sprayingsystem developed by another thesis student, whentravellingalongtherails,wasabletoselectivelyspray designated plant groups in the greenhouse. The spray protectionprovidedadequateandconsistentdosagetothe crops.

2. Lokesh Krishna, Omayo Silver, K. Anuradha, designedanovelwirelessrobotisremotelycontrolledusing necessary commands from the PC section in the receiver side.Basedonthewrittenprogram,independentoperations suchasmakingthewirelessrobotmoveinthecorrectpath whenever the robot experiences an obstacle, giving some strange sounds whenever wireless robot experiences an unknown movement nearby, spraying of pesticides and switchingontheelectricmotorwheneverthereisshortageof moisturecontentinthecropfields.

This truck has lower-cost components, making it more cost-effective. The robot navigates between the crops, providesawaytoviewthecropsorpathoftherobotusing wirelesscamera.Thesignalisreceivedattheoperatingend andviewedusingtelevision.Thus,identificationofthepest affectedcropsismadeverymuchpossibleandsimple.

Theyallhavemadetomuchefforttocreateasuccessful prototype of multipurpose agriculture pesticide sprayer robot.Buteachsystemhas itsdifferentdisadvantagesand advantages.Forexample,someoftherobotsarecapableto operateusingIRcontrollerbutIRtechnologyistooolderand have its own connectivity problems. To overcome these issues some of inventors introduce the Wi-Fi connectivity withitwithhighconnectivityrange.ButWi-Fialsohaveits conesandbugswherewecan’tprovideexactinterfaceover every single farmer it is good for research but practical approachofitisnotthatmuchgreat.

Biggest issues with earlier design are that they have used veryoldermicrocontrollerswhichisverybasicfollows8-bit architecture.Thesystemresponseof8-bitmicrocontrollersis not that much great. Simplicity and user-friendly nature shood be always there with each innovation, because it is created for poor, aliterate and untechnical person. They should run the system easily but with earlier designs this kind ofapproach is missing.Still,some of researchers and innovators are doing nice and excellent work in the same zonetoimproveearlierexistingsystems.

3. METHODOLOGY

Asperearliersectionwedosealiteraturereviewofmultiple pesticide and smart robotic technics developed for agriculture sector. Among all of the work each work is excellent but have different problems. Like some of them madecompromiseonsafety,someofitarecomplexandnot user-friendly and some of them are quite expensive and unaffordable.Tosolvethisproblem,wefirstdecidetowork on same system but in improved manner. Where we are goingtoimproveeachandeveryaspectofexistingsystem. Older systems are designed using old version of microcontrollerslikeintel8051,PICmicrocontrollerandAVR 8-bitprocessorwhichhavelessmemories,8-bitarchitecture, less accuracy and speed. I/O compatibility of it is not that muchgood.SomeofituseIR,Wi-Fi,GSMconnectivitywhich isnotthatmuchuser-friendlyandpracticalapproach.

To create something different from earlier work we first madeaplanningwherewehavecreatedablockdiagramas percomponentrequirement.Andthenwehavedesigneda flowofsystemforcodedesigning.Themethodologicalblock diagramandflowdiagramisshowninthissection.

Figure5showsbasicbuildingblocksofoursystemwhereat thecenterwehavehartofthesystem.Wehaveusedlatest ARM architecture process as a brain of our SprayRo. It is connectedwithmultipleclocks.HC-05Bluetoothmoduleis provided to create interface between Customized regional language application. SprayRo System is going to operate withthehelpoffourgearmotorsandbymotordriver.Driver isconnectedtocontrollerandmotorsarewithmotordriver. System support four different relay driving circuit for multiple attachments like seed sowing, weed cutting, pesticidesprayeranddripirrigation.

ThisSystemhaveBluetoothapplicationcontrollercapability wherewecanuseanyregionallanguageofIndiaaccordingto regionandstate.Oneuniversalcontrollerisalsotherewith EnglishandHindilanguage.

4. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

LIAT OF COMPONENT

1. DULE CORE ARM CORTEX M0+ RP 2040 MICROCONTROLLER

2. 4CHANNEL5VRELAYMODULE

3. HC05BLUETOOTHMODULE

4. DC-DCBUCKCOBVERTER

5. 12V100RPM4KGTORQUEMOTORS

6. 12V10RPMDCGEARMOTOR

7. 7751000RPMWEEDCUTTERMOTOR

8. 200PSIKRUSHIPUMP

9. FOGSPRAYNOZZELS

10. 12VWATERPUMP

11. 12V7.5AMPDCBATTERY

12. 12V1AMPDCBATTERY

13. SOLIDCUSTOMIZEROBOTCHASSIS

14. WIRES, SWITCHES AND MALE FEMALE DC CONNECTORS

15. GRASSCUTTERBLADES

DULE CORE ARM CORTEX MO+ RP 2040 MICROCONTROLLER

RP2040isthedebutmicrocontrollerfromRaspberryPi.It bringsoursignaturevaluesofhighperformance,lowcost, andeaseofusetothemicrocontrollerspace.

With a large on-chip memory, symmetric dual-core processor complex, deterministic bus fabric, and rich peripheral set augmented withour uniqueProgrammable I/O (PIO) subsystem, it provides professional users with unrivalled power and flexibility. With detailed documentation, a polished Micro Python port, and a UF2 bootloader in ROM, it has the lowest possible barrier to entryforbeginnerandhobbyistusers.

RP2040 is a stateless device, with support for cached execute-in-place from external QSPI memory. This design decision allows you to choose the appropriate density of non-volatilestorageforyourapplication,andtobenefitfrom thelowpricingofcommodityFlashparts.

RP2040ismanufacturedonamodern40nmprocessnode, delivering high performance, low dynamic power consumption,andlowleakage,withavarietyoflow-power modestosupportextended-durationoperationonbattery power

Key features:

 DualARMCortex-M0+@133MHz

 264kBon-chipSRAMinsixindependentbanks

 Supportforupto16MBofoff-chipFlashmemory viadedicatedQSPIbus

 DMAcontroller

 Fully-connectedAHBcrossbar

 Interpolatorandintegerdividerperipherals

 On-chip programmable LDO to generate core voltage

 2on-chipPLLstogenerateUSBandcoreclocks

 30GPIOpins,4of whichcanbeusedasanalogue inputs

Peripherals

 2UARTs

 2SPIcontrollers

 2I2Ccontrollers

 16PWMchannels

 USB 1.1 controller and PHY, with host and device support

 8PIOstatemachines

4 CHANNEL 5 V RELAY MODULE

This is a 5V 4-channel relay interface board, and each channelneedsa15-20mAdrivercurrent.Itcanbeusedto control various appliances and equipment with large current. It is equipped with high-current relays that work underAC250V10AorDC30V10A.Ithasastandardinterface thatcanbecontrolleddirectlybymicrocontroller.

Apowerrelaymoduleisanelectricalswitchthatisoperated by an electromagnet. The electromagnet is activated by a separate low-power signal from a micro controller. When activated,theelectromagnetpullstoeitheropenorclosean electricalcircuit.

Asimplerelayconsistsofwirecoilwrappedaroundasoft iron core, or solenoid, an iron yoke that delivers a low reluctancepathformagneticflux,amovableironarmature andoneormoresetsofcontacts.Themovablearmatureis hinged to the yoke and linked to one or more set of the moving contacts. Held in place by a spring, the armature leaves a gap in the magnetic circuit when the relay is deenergized. While in this position, one of the two sets of contactsisclosedwhiletheothersetremainsopen.

Whenelectricalcurrentispassedthroughacoil,itgenerates a magnetic field that in turn activates the armature. This movement of the movable contacts makes or breaks a connection with the fixed contact. When the relay is deenergized, the sets of contacts that were closed, open and breaks the connection and vice versa if the contacts were open.

HC 05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

HC-05BluetoothModule

HC-05isaBluetoothmodulewhichisdesignedforwireless communication. This module can be used in a master or slave configuration. It is used for many applications like wirelessheadset,gamecontrollers,wirelessmouse,wireless keyboard, and many more consumer applications. It has range up to <100m which depends upon transmitter and receiver,atmosphere,geographic&urbanconditions.Itis IEEE802.15.1standardizedprotocol,throughwhichonecan build wireless Personal Area Network (PAN). It uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) radio technologytosenddataoverair.

Itusesserialcommunicationtocommunicatewithdevices.It communicates with microcontroller using serial port (USART).

It has 6 pins,

1. Key/EN: ItisusedtobringBluetoothmoduleinAT commandsmode.IfKey/ENpinissettohigh,then thismodulewillworkincommandmode.Otherwise bydefaultitisindatamode.Thedefaultbaudrate ofHC-05incommandmodeis38400bpsand9600 indatamode.

HC-05 module has two modes,

Data mode: Exchangeofdatabetweendevices.

Command mode: ItusesATcommandswhichareusedto changesettingofHC-05.Tosendthesecommandstomodule serial(USART)portisused.

2. VCC:Connect5Vor3.3VtothisPin.

3. GND:GroundPinofmodule.

4. TXD:TransmitSerialdata(wirelesslyreceiveddata by Bluetooth module transmitted out serially on TXDpin)

5. RXD: Receive data serially (received data will be transmittedwirelesslybyBluetoothmodule).

6. State:Ittellswhethermoduleisconnectedornot.

DC-DC BUCK COBVERTER

A buck converter or step-down converter is a DC-to-DC converter which steps down voltage (while stepping up current)fromitsinput(supply)toitsoutput(load).Itisa classofswitched-modepowersupply.Switchingconverters (such as buck converters) provide much greater power efficiency as DC-to-DC converters than linear regulators, whicharesimplercircuitsthatlowervoltagesbydissipating power as heat, but do not step-up output current. The efficiency of buck converters can be very high, often over 90%, making them useful for tasks such as converting a computer'smainsupplyvoltage,whichisusually12V,down

tolowervoltagesneededbyUSB,DRAMandtheCPU,which areusually5,3.3or1.8V.

Buck converters typically contain at least two semiconductors(adiodeandatransistor,althoughmodern buckconvertersfrequentlyreplacethediodewithasecond transistor used for synchronous rectification) and at least oneenergystorageelement(acapacitor,inductor,orthetwo in combination). To reduce voltage ripple, filters made of capacitors(sometimesincombinationwithinductors)are normally added to such a converter's output (load-side filter)andinput(supply-sidefilter).Itsnamederivesfrom theinductorthat“bucks”oropposesthesupplyvoltage.

DC Motor – 10RPM – 12Volts.

Thiscanbeusedinall-terrainrobotsandvarietyofrobotic applications.Thesemotorshavea3mmthreadeddrillhole inthemiddleoftheshaftthusmakingitsimpletoconnectit to the wheels or any other mechanical assembly. 10 RPM 12VDCgearedmotorswidelyusedforroboticsapplications Very easy to use and available in standard size. Also, you don’thavetospendalotofmoneytocontrolmotorswithan Arduinoorcompatibleboard.ThemostpopularL298NHbridgemodulewithonboardvoltageregulatormotordriver canbeusedwiththismotorthathasavoltageofbetween5 and35VDCoryoucanchoosethemostprecisemotordiver modulefromthewiderangeavailableinourMotordivers’ categoryasperyourspecificrequirements.

Buck converters typically operate with a switching frequency range from 100 kHz to a few MHz. A higher switchingfrequencyallowsforuseofsmallerinductorsand capacitors,butalsoincreaseslostefficiencytomorefrequent transistorswitching.

Nutandthreadsontheshafttoeasilyconnectandinternally threaded shaft for easily connecting it to the wheel. DC Geared motors with robust metal gearbox for heavy-duty applications, available in the wide RPM range and ideally suitedforroboticsandindustrialapplications.Veryeasyto useandavailableinstandardsize.Nutandthreadsonthe shaft to easily connect and internally threaded shaft for easilyconnectingittothewheel.

DCGearmotor,isalsocalledGearedDcMotorandgearhead motororgearboxmotor.ItconsistsofaelectricDCmotor and a gearbox or gearhead; these gearheads are used to reduce the DC motor speed, while increase the DC motor torque. Therefore, user can get lower speed and higher torquefromgearmotor.

Sprayerpumpsaremechanicaldevicesdesignedtogenerate a pressure differential to drive spray fluid from a storage tank,throughsystemplumbing,andouttothespraynozzle.

12 V 7.5 AMP & 12 V 1 AMP DC BATTERY

ofmaterialsthatgenerateelectronswhenexposedtolight. The electrons flow through a circuit and produce direct current(DC)electricity,whichcanbeusedtopowervarious devicesorstoredinbatteries.Solarpanelsarealsoknownas solarcellpanels,solarelectricpanels,orPVmodules.

These two batteries are used to provide power supply to differentmotorsandtoelectroniccircuit.Thesebatteriesare rechargeableandrecyclable.

WIRES, SWITCHES AND MALE FEMALE DC CONNECTORS

WiresswitchesanddifferentDCmalefemaleconnectersare usedtointerconnectpowersupply,controlsignalsamongall thecircuitofSprayRo

GRASS CUTTER BLADES

ThesebladesareusedwithhighRPMmotorsforgrassand weedcutting

SOLAR PANNEL

A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricitybyusingphotovoltaic(PV)cells.PVcellsaremade

Some advantages of solar panels are that they use a renewableandcleansourceofenergy,reducegreenhouse gas emissions, and lower electricity bills. Some disadvantagesarethattheydependontheavailabilityand intensityofsunlight,requiremaintenanceandcleaning,and have high initial costs. Solar panels are widely used for residential,commercial,andindustrialpurposes,aswellas forspaceandtransportationapplications.

5. WORKING AND APPLICATION DESIGNING APPLICATION DESIGNING

As per earlier section we mansion that we have created multipleregionallanguageapplicationaccordingtodifferent regionsofIndia.

Applicationinterfaceisgetdesignedbyusingopen-source platform. MIT app inventor is an online open-source app development support drag and drop facility for front end design of any application. We simply have to create push buttons and click buttons according to our need. We can customizethegraphicsbyaddingimagesandiconsinit.For Bluetoothconnectivitywehavetoaddalistpickerinscreen whichisnotvisibleonfrontscreen.Frontenddesignofour application is shown in figure 16. As per figure we have addedaconnectBluetoothlistpickerafterthatwehaveused two labels, one for application name i.e., “SprayRo controller”andsecondforresearchinstitutename.wehave created total fourteen buttons as shown. Four for robot movement and remaining 10 is for attachment on-off purpose.

16. Front End Design of Regional Language Application

After front end design we have to sate all the buttons to provide Bluetooth serial read commands to RP 2040 microcontrollerthroughBluetoothmodule.Forthatwehave to create blocks in back-end section of application design. Blockdesignscreenisshowninfigure16andasperthiswe havedesigndifferentblocksforfourteenblocksandforlist picker.

WORKING

After hardware connection now our system is ready to operate.Workingofourrobotisverysimple.Toobservethe working of system and to get a result we first have to download regional language customized Bluetooth controller application which is created by using MIT app inventor.Afterdownloadingitwehavetoturnonthedevice BluetoothandafterpairingitwithHC05moduleturnonthe application.Applicationinterfaceandfrontpanelbuttonsare showninfigure17.

6. PHYSICAL CONNECTION RESULT ANALYSIS

As per discussed in earlier in section 4 we have used differentcomponentsfor“SprayRo”systemdesign.Wehave simulatedthedesignandcircuit.Wehavecreatedacodefor robotinmicropythonandwehavecompiledandsimulated it in tony IDE. Tony Ide is specially created for RP 2040 Microcontrollerandforpythonprograming.

After code writing we have created hardware chassis by usingmetalframeincombinationwithplywood.Thissystem iscapabletobear20kgofloadwherewecandrive15liters ofpesticidewithit.Afterthatwehavefixedallthemotors withchassisandthenconnecteditwithmotordrivercircuit. After that we have interfaced all the circuit, modules and powersupplywithARMRP2040microcontroller.

application interface

Now press connect Bluetooth button and choose HC 05 module and connect “SprayRO” System with application. After successful connection we can operate robot using various command. Here whenever we press navigation buttons robot moves in four different directions as per differentbutton.Whenwewanttoturnonanyattachment,

wejusthavetopressbuttonsaccordingtoattachment.We have rune this robot multiple times and it is working properly.Someoftestresultandphysicallookofourrobotis shown in figure 19. This system is also provided with 15watt solar panel which is capable to recharge all the batteriesusingrentablepowersupply.Robotispantedwith blackcolortoattractUVradiationonsolarpanel.

Maharashtra, India.Withouttheirgenerouscontributions, thisreviewresearchwouldnothavebeenpossible. Overall,thisresearchprojectwouldnothavebeenpossible withoutthesupportandcontributionsofso manypeople. Wearedeeplygratefultoallofthosewhohelpedtomake this project a reality, and we hope that our findings will makeameaningfulcontributiontothefield.

8. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION

1. System is very powerful and system response of pesticidesprayerRobotisveryhighbecauseofdual coreARMmicrocontroller.

2. Customization of multiple attachment can attract customerstobuythisproductinfuture.

3. Itusesrentableenergysourcesotheoverallpower consumptionrequirementisveryless.

4. Systemisalsousefulforlawnsandgardens.

5. User-friendlynaturecanhelpanypeopletooperate this pesticide sprayer robot easily using regional languagecontroller.

6. Flexibilityinnozzlesattachmentisveryusefuland we can increase decrease the Hight, length and numbersofnozzlesasperrequirements.

7. CONCLUSION

As per market research and literature review, we have pickedoverallproblemspresentinexistingsystems.Where wehavetowork.Weworkedtoohardtoovercomeallthe problemsasperourresearchwecanconcludethatwehave created most promising and practical design for different agriculture work. We can provide this system in very less costwhichisgoingtobeveryaffordabletopoorfarmersand farm workers. We also can eliminate physical contact of farmersandfarmworkerswithharmfulchemicalpesticide. Andilliteratefarmworkersandfarmersalsocanoperateour pesticide customized multipurpose robot very easily by usingtheirregionallanguage.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Wearedeeplygratefultoallthosewhocontributedtothe successofthisreviewresearchpaper.Firstandforemost,we wouldliketothankourprimarysupervisor Dr. A. O. Vyas, fortheirguidance,support,andencouragementthroughout the entire process. Their mentorship and expertise were invaluableinhelpingustoshapethedirectionofourreview researchandtobringourideastofruition.

Iwouldalsoliketothanktheorganizationsandindividuals who provided me a support for this review research, including G.H. RAISONI University Amravati,

9. FUTURE SCOPE

We can increase the load bearing capacity of system by making change in motors. We also can improve range of operationusingdifferentcommunicationprotocollikeWIFI and by using Laura device. By connecting more powerful batteries we can increase battery backup of our future design. System can be provided with camera to get a live footage during pesticide spraying operation. We also can convertthissystemasagriculturedatacollectionsystemby providingmultiplesensorswithitlikemoisture,humidity, PHandobjectdetection.

REFERENCES

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