International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
OLIVE SEED ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN SANDCRETE BLOCK 1S. I. Anowai, 2T. S. Ketkukah, 3M. Pam, 4M.E. Gukas, 5J.B. Rwang and 6D.C. ANIESODO
Senior Lecturer, Department of Building, University of Jos, Nigeria Reader, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Jos, Nigeria 3Lecturer, Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Jos, Nigeria 4 Lecturer, Department of Building, University of Jos, Nigeria 5 Lecturer, Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Jos, Nigeria 6 Student, Department of Building, University of Jos, Nigeria 1
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Abstract - This research is therefore aimed at assessing the suitability of the use of olive seed ash (OSA) as partial replacement
of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the production of sandcrete blocks. The olive seeds were completely burnt to ashes at a temperature of 600-7000C in a kiln. Mix ratio of 1:6 (cement: sand) was used in this study. Water cement ratio of 0.45 was adopted in this study. OPC was partially replaced with OSA at 10%, 20% and 30%. The block samples were moulded and cured for 7, 28 and 56 days. The compressive strengths of the blocks were tested by crushing using compressive test machine. The compressive strengths of the blocks were observed to increase with increasing days of curing. Sandcrete block samples made with 10% and 20% replacements of OPC with OSA achieved compressive strengths of 3.53N/mm2 and 3.00N/mm2 respectively at 28 days and increased to 3.83N/mm2 and 3.13N/mm2 at 56 days respectively. These values satisfied the minimum compressive strength requirements of 3.45N/mm2 for load bearing wall at 10% and 2.5N/mm2 for non load bearing walls at 20% replacement levels of OPC with OSA. The densities of the blocks decreased as percentage replacements of OPC with OSA increases. The Blocks also satisfied the maximum water absorption requirement for sandcrete blocks. It is thus recommended that OPC should be partially replaced with 10% and 20% OSA in load bearing and non load bearing sandcrete blocks respectively.
Key Words: Olive seed ash, sandcrete blocks, compressive strength, density water absorption. 1. INTRODUCTION The high cost of cement used as binder in the production of mortar, sandcrete blocks and concrete has led to a search for its alternative. In addition to cost, high energy demand and emission of CO2, which is responsible for global warming, the depletion of lime stone deposits are disadvantages associated with cement production. It is important to replace cement with other available materials at lowest possible costs [1]. The environmental effect of cement is most apparent in terms of its emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), and this is one of the main impacts of cement production on an industrial scale. Sandcrete block is a composite material made up of cement, sand and water which are moulded into diverse sizes [2]. Sandcrete blocks are made from a mixture of sand, cement and water and are produced in a mix ratio of 1:3, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 as the case may be depending on the mix ratio adopted. ). However, sandcrete blocks are not affordable for low income earners [3.] Sometimes other ingredients such as pozzolanas are added to reduce the amount of expensive Portland cement. Agricultural waste constitutes a sizeable proportion of the accumulated solid waste in many cities of the world. Attempts have been made by various researchers to convert solid waste to beneficial applications with a high level of success as a way of reducing solid waste accumulation [4]. Many studies have shown the ashes from agricultural wastes can be economically used as partial replacement of cement in sandcrete blocks. Anowai and Afunanya [5] investigated the suitability of Millet Husk Ash (MHA) in hollow blocks production. Cement was partially replaced with MHA in varying percentages of 0, 10, 20 and 30% by weight. It was found that cement could be partially replaced with up to 20% MHA in sandcrete block production. Another research by Anowai et.al, [6] also found Maize Cob Ash can be used as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the production of Sandcrete Blocks. Afolayan, Oriola, Moses and Sani [4], investigated the effect of egg shell ash (ESA) on the properties of sandcrete blocks and found that cement could be partially replaced with ESA in sandcrete block production. Aginam, Onodagu and Nwakaire, Chidozie [7] investigated the use of breadfruit stem ash as a partial replacement of cement in sandcrete and recommended that not more 10% of cement should be replaced with breadfruit stem ash. Similarly, Sangeetha [8] found the optimum replacement level of OPC with rice husk ash 15 -20%.
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