DESIGN OF ADAPTIVE TRAVEL CUP
Akhil Hayash M1 , Gokul P S2 , Devadarshan I31Dept. of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Kerala, India
2Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Kerala, India
3Dept. of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Abstract – Everyone loves travelling, But the availability of fresh water during a journey is very important. But unfortunately, we cannot drink water from the local supplies from an unknown place as its posses higher risk elements. If we go for packaged drinking water, it will be expensive and the empty plastic bottles that we need to carry will be a serious issue to both us and nature. The environmental issues from used plastic bottles is a very big issue. This paper will talk about the adaptive design of travel cup which can heats up the water up to 80 degrees Celsius and could hold that temperature for about 20 minutes, and also could hold cold beverages for the same. The dimensions are optimized to dimensions of a normal cup andthe travel cup will work by using the electricity
Key Words: Travel cup design, Adaptive equipment, Portable heater
1.INTRODUCTION
The idea of travel cup has been evolved during early 1980s.Thenumberoftravelersisincreasingyearbyyear. The travel cup has been come up with an idea to get hot water any time during a journey irrespective of place and climate.Asabetterandsafeoptions,everyonechooseshot waterinsteadoftapwaters.Thesolutionfortapwatersis the packaged drinking water which will create so much environmental issues such as the plastics and empty bottles are not easy to carry. In order to obtain hot water any time they need, the travel cup has been evolved. This paper will talk about the design of an adaptive travel cup which can be used in both road trips and in house hold uses. The travel cups can be operated from the power outletsinthecarandalsofromthehouseholdoutlets.The travelcuppossesaUSBtypeCportwhichwillmakethem universaltouse.Ratherthanhotbeverages,thetravelcup could hold the cold beverages because of the thermal insulation given. The travel cup is also given with a thermistor so as to cut the supply once the required temperatureisattained.
The availability of clean water will be scare in some local places and cheapest way to access the water is the public taps which will not guaranty the cleanliness of the water. The remedy to this is the packaged drinking water. The packageddrinkingwaterbottlesaretheoneoftheleading causes for the plastic waste especially in tourist destinations whichisnotgood.OnaverageinIndia1liter
ofpackageddrinkingwatercostsaroundrupees15 which is very expensive. Most of these waters are in cold beverage section. The availability of clean hot water is very scare in all over India which is very limited to few places like hotels. Here makes the demand small adaptive water heater which can be used in road trips which need to small in size, to be heated small amount of water with little time and also durable and there this paper makes a talk.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
From the proceedings of ”, the design concepts of travel cup is obtained [1]. From the work done by Randy Chugh et.al (2002) “Flexible graphite as a heating element”, the ideology of graphite heating is obtained [2]. From the research by Pan, Yue. (2019) “Research Progress and Application Status of Thermal Insulation Coatings”, the recent advancements in thermal insulating materials is obtained [3]. From the work done by Yanping, Ye (2018) “The development of polyurethane”, the application and advantages of polyurethane is taken [4] From the research work conducted by Aleksic, Obrad et.al (2017) “Recent advances in NTC thick film thermistor properties andapplications”,theadvancementsinthermistorsensors is obtained [5]. From insights of work conducted by Kumar, Bhupender et.al (2020), “A review paper on plastic, it's variety, current scenario and it's waste management”, the type of plastic used for house hold equipment is obtained [6]. From the work by ouzida, Ahceneet.al(2016).“CalculationofIGBTpowerlossesand junction temperature in inverter drive”, the IGBT characteristics is obtained [7]. From the work done by Cucchietti,Flavioet.al(2011)“Environmentalbenefitsofa Universal Mobile Charger and energy-aware survey on current products”, the types of chargers for small electronicequipmentareobtained[8].
3.SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The shape dimensions of the proposed travel cup is given below, The travel will be having a tapered shape with the following dimensions. The steel body of the travel cup havethefollowingdimensionsanditisfollowedbyalayer ofpolyurethaneandwhichisfollowedbyalayerofplastic.
ThesystemwillconsistofachargerwithtypeCUSBcable for its operation. The charger will be provided with car such as cigarette lighter plug. The travel cup also be operated using normal mobile phone chargers with fast charging capability such as 150 watts or above which are available in the market. The heating time will vary in accordance with the power rating of the charger used. From the 12 volt 10 or 15 ampere supply availed in the cars,onecanheatsupthe200milliliterofwaterupto80 degrees Celsius with just 4 minutes. The model of the proposedtravelcupisgivenbelow,
4.METHODOLOGY
The data that are used for optimizing the parameters and research works has been collected from various sources such as from research papers and other statistical data available from trusted websites and govt: bodies. The collected data are optimized on the MATLAB and all the simulationsare done in the MATLAB.The simulationsare conducted by assuming following conditions. The beverage in the travel cup is water. The travel cup is assumedtobefilledtoitsmaximumcapacity.The outside temperatureisassumedtobe27degreecentigrade.
Figure 1 represents the outline view of the travel cup. Small hole given is the USB type C charging port. The handle is provided at T cross-section so as to make it handy
Figure 4 represents the block diagram of the travel cup. The supply will be main supply voltage like 230 volts. Supplywillbesteppeddownto12volts. Therectifierwill be bridge rectifier and LC filter is given The 12 volts is then stepped down to5 volts and fed to sensor aswell as microcontroller. Themainsupply(12volts)isthengiven toheatingcoiloncetheparametersaremeet.Therequired parameters are the signal from the thermistor. Once the thermistor gives required voltage, the supply to the heating coil will be cut via interpreting the signal to the gate of IGBT used for switching. The micro controller and switching circuit is setup is active low condition. The thermistorthusused isthe surfacemount thermistor and heating coilismade ofgraphiteandtheswitchingisdone byanIGBT.Thecontrollingisdonebyamicrocontroller.
4.1 Heating System
Q=MCdT
Fromtheequation(1)wecouldobtaintheamountofheat energy needed to raise the temperature of beverage from roomtemperatureto80degreecentigrade.Fromequation (2) we could obtain the current that should be passed through the coil in order to generate the enough heat. Fromequation(3)wecouldfindtheresistanceofthecoil. From equation (4) we could obtain the resistivity of the coilandtherebywecouldobtainthe specificmaterial for theheatingcoil.
By optimizing through all the above equations, we could reach a conclusion that, the heating coil will be graphite element with circular cross-section and having 2 mm diameterandtotallengthof150mmandwhichiswinded in a spiral manner and placed at the bottom of the travel cupforbetterheatingandconvenience.
down transformer, rectifier, filter, converters, protection units and heat sinks which will ensure pure and safe operation of power brick. The supply to the travel cup may vary between 5-20 volts and from 1-20 ampere depends upon brick unit. The circuit inside the cup is specificallydesignedfortheseactions
3.2
The circuit diagram from the brick of the power unit may subject to vary from brick to brick as the technology, manufacture and power rating of each brick varies. In general,everybrickwillhavethefollowingsuchasastep-
Figure 6 [x] represents the general brick circuit diagram whichusestheGalliumNitridetechnology.designincludes two power conversion stages – a bridgeless totem pole powerfactorcorrection(BTP-PFC)anddualswitchquasiresonant(DS-QR)flyback.
The fundamental function of the travel cup is heats the beverage in it. The equation which governs the heating circuitare:
1/T=1/T0+1/B*ln(R/R0) (5)
(A)=1+(Rf/R1) (6)
Fromtheequation(5),theoutputvoltageofthermistorat 80 degrees centigrade is obtained which got a value of 1.36 volt. From the equation (6), the gain of the amplifier is determined. The output voltages from both thermistor andmicrocontrollerwillbeamplifiedwithanon-inverting amplifierusingoperationalamplifierswithagainof4.The voltage from thermistor is raised to 5.4 volt and voltages frommicrocontrollertotriggertheIGBTisamplifiedto20 volts in magnitude. The circuitry of the heating circuit is givenbelow,
Fig -7 GeneralHeatingcircuit
Thefigure7representsthegeneralheatingdiagramofthe proposed travel cup. The voltage from the thermistor is fed to amplifier and then to microcontroller. The microcontroller is the Attiny13A. Once the voltage from the amplifier reaches 5.4 Volts, the microcontroller will generate a continuous square pulse to trigger the IGBT gate. The gate signal will reach the IGBT after passing throughanon-invertingamplifierwhichwillmakeitto20 Volts.
5.SIMULATION RESULTS
All the simulations have been done in MATLAB software. The system is heated towards 80 degree centigrade. The temperature retentivity over time is also noted. The temperatureretentivityofcoldbeveragesisalsonoted.All thesimulationsaredonebyconsideringthatthebeverage inside the travel cup is water. The obtained results are givenbelow.
Chart -2 Heatretentivity
From the chart 2, temperature of water inside the travel cup is noted over time so as ensure the temperature retentivity of the system so that frequent heating can be avoided. The proposed travel cup could hold a temperature of 52 centigrade for long time which is one could easily consume the beverage without burning the tongue.
The heating as well as temperature retentivity of the proposed travel cup holds with industry standard heavy highly rated electric kettles which are big in size and are not easily portable and not suitable for using with a normalstandardmobilechargeraswellasfromthepower outletintheautomobiles.
6. CONCLUSIONS
Theproposeddesignoftravelcupisneverhavebeenseen inthemarketbeforeastheintegrationofuniversalportto the travel and ability to use this with a normal standard mobile or laptop charger with a USB Type C cable which makes this design universal. The proposed system could heatupspecifiedamountofbeveragewithshortperiodof time even from a supply inside a automobile and could retain the heat for a longer period of time with lesser losseswhichwillavoidnecessityoffrequentheating. The proposed design of travel cup have been coping up with theindustryleadingtravelcupdesignwithminimaliscost ascomparedtotheindustryestablishedtravelcups.
REFERENCES
Chart -1 Heatingofbeverage
From the chart 1, temperature of water inside the travel can be found on different time. The chart represents temperature in degree centigrade to time in seconds. The water will reach required temperature ie: 80 degree centigrade in 175 seconds which is impressive when travellinginacarormeansfromthesupplyinacar.
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