Causes of accident on Mumbai-Pune Expressway

Causes of accident on Mumbai-Pune Expressway

Department of B.E in Civil Engineering

MGM’s college of enginnering and technology,Navi-mumbai

ABSTRACT

Transportation on road is more year by year,but the rate of accident also increase with it. India is well devlopinf countries and here rate of road accidents are high and also recording the accident specifically as per month, time, age and gender and also the types in that road traffic accident is on the top and here also thing to mention is day time accidents are more than the night time accidents road traffic accidents claim over a million lives every year in the world. As per World Health Organization (WHO), it is one of the leading causes of death. India, a rapidly developing country with an expanding economy, has its issues regarding road traffic accidents.

Records from 2018 show that there is one death every 3.05 minutes because of road accidents. In 2020, there were around 138 thousand deaths due to road accidents in India.

Planning, working upon it, various ideas road infrastructure should give priority to the safety and comfort of road users. Thus, this paper aims to tackle this issue and to explore the main factors contributing to the increase in car accidents rate.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

The term accident has been defined as an occurrence in a sequenceofeventsthatusuallyproducesunintendedinjury, death,orpropertydamage.Todayaccidentsareamongthe leadingcausesofdeath.

Aspergovernmentdataroadaccidentsaretheleadingcause ofhospitalizationdeathsanddisabilitiesinthecountry.On average,about1,50,000peopleperishduetoroadaccidents inIndiaannually.

1.2 Historical devlopment

PUNE The number of fatalities on the Pune-Mumbai Expressway has seen an overall reduction of 52% since 2016, when the ‘Zero-Fatality Corridor” project, a joint initiative of the Maharashtra State Road Development CorporationLimited(MSRDC),MaharashtraHighwayPolice, Mahindra & Mahindra, and Save life Foundation was launchedtoreduceroadfatalities.

Theexpresswayhadwitnesseda43%reductionintheroadcrash fatalities, from 151 fatalities in 2016 to 86 fatalities untilDecember31,2019.In2021,theexpresswayreported 66fatalitiesin63accidents,accordingtodatacollatedbythe SaveLifeFoundation.

Asmanyas91peoplelosttheirliveswhile175otherswere injuredinatotalof352roadaccidentsontheMumbai-Pune Expresswayintheyear2019,asperthedatapreparedby theMaharashtraHighwayPolice

Duringthesameperiod,atotalof32,876roadaccidentshad occurredinMaharashtra,killing12565peopleandseriously injuring19175others.Atotalof9723peopleescapedwith minor injuries. As compared to 2018, the number of accidents and fatalities on the six-lane expressway went downintheyear2019,itstated.

In the year 2018, a total of359 accidents occurred on the expressway, killing 114 people while 174 people were grievouslyinjured,itstated.Aseniorhighwaypoliceofficer blamed the high speed of vehicles as one of the major reasonsforaccidentsonthe95-kmhighwayin2019.

1.3 Aim

Ourprojectaimistosolvetheroadcongestionproblem& preventfutureaccidentsbythisprojectweinitiatetowards thesafetyofhumansbyreducingaccidentsandtakingsures duringdrivingvehicles

1.4 Objective of the work

To know the cause and the risk factors leading to the accident,tostudythevarioustypesofaccidents,tostudy variousproblemsregardingaccidentsandtheirsolutions

1.5 Scope of the work

Itreducesthepercentageofaccidentonhighways, ithelps tomaintaintrafficvolumeonhighways,ithelpstomaintain consistencyofspeedinlimitandreducesinjuries,travelling anyseasonispossible

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 General

Thisliteraturereviewisthemethodologicalinvestigationof allpublishedsourcesforinformationaboutthecausesand typesofaccidents.Itisaseriesofsearchesconductedacross all possible resources of causes accidents and a list of resourcesthathavebeenidentifiedasrelevanttothetopic whichisarrangedalphabeticallyanddetailsmentioned in topic2.2.Theresultoftheliteraturesearchiscompiledand structured to understand the scope and breadth of the literature on the view of such causes of accidents on the highway.

2.2 Litrature review

Dinesh Mohan (March 30, 2009): Theystudiedthatroad trafficfacilitieshavebeenincreasingatabout8%annually forthelast10yearsandshownosignof decreasing.Two modeling exercises have attempted to predict the period whenwemightexpectfacilityratestostartthedeclineina range of countries. Cropper and copies predicted that facilitiesinIndiawouldreachatotalofabout198000before starting to decline in 2042 and koornstra predicted an earlierdateof2030forthepeaktrafficfacilitiesinIndia.If we assume that the present growth rate of 8% per year decline in a linear manner to 0% by 2030, we can expect about260,000facilitiesby2030.Neitheroftheseprojects dated(2042and2030)canbeacceptedasroadsafetygoals forthecountry.

Manisha Ruikar et. al. (2014): TheyobservedRoadTraffic Accident(RTA)canbedefinedas,'Aneventthatoccursona wayorstreetopentopublictraffic;resultinginoneormore person’sbeinginjuredorkilled,whereatleastonemoving vehicleisinvolved.Thus,RTAisacollisionbetweenvehicles; between vehicles and pedestrians; between vehicles and animals; or between vehicles and geographical or architecturalobstacles.'Roadtrafficaccidentsareahuman tragedy. They involve high human suffering and socioeconomiccostsintermsofprematuredeaths,injuries, lossofproductivity,andsoon.

3. DATA COLLECTION

3.1 General

In this data collection, the information is related to the varioustypesofaccidentasmentionedintopic3.2.These varioustypesofaccidentsgiveknowledgeaboutitandhow thosetypesofaccidentsareactuallycaused.

Inthebelowtable,theinformationisrelatedtothenumber of accidents with the information of numbers of fatal, grievous injury, minor injury, without injury and total number of accidents that happened in between 2019 to 2021.

3.2 Various types of accident

1. Single-car accident

2. Multiple vehicle collision

3. Vehicle rollover

4. Rear-end collision

5. Side impact collision

6. Sideswipe collision

7. Head-on collision

8. Accident due to DUI

9. Distracted driving

10. Hit and Run

11. Chain Reaction Driving

12. Failure to yield

13. Accident at low speed

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 General

Theinformationisrelatedtothesurveyconductioninthe initialstageasmentionedin4.2and4.3whichisbasedon the public response and point of view of drivers of the vehicle. The basic questions involve normal speed, road symbols,trafficrules,andregulationsfordriving.

Therearemanyfactorscontributingtoroadaccidentsandto beabletopinpointthemainreasoncausingthoseaccidents, a thorough survey is to be conducted to understand how eachfactoraffectstherateatwhichroadaccidentshappened

4.2 Primary methodology

On the Mumbai-Pune expressway, we are going to ask or collectinformationfromvehicleoperatorsordriversabout whataretheythinkingtenminutesbeforethishaltorstop onthesignalorhaltpointorwherevertheytakerest,and belowarethequestionswhichwearegoingtoaskthemwith trafficpolicepermission.

Questions are

Whatwereyouthinkingwhiledriving10minutesago?

Did you encounter any obstacles while driving on this expressway?

Wereyoulisteningtoanysong10minutesago?

Haveyoueverdrivenfasterthan100mph?

Doyoufollowtrafficrulesontheexpressway?

Doyoueveruseacellphonewhiledriving?

Doyoutakeanyprecautionsforsafedriving?

AreyourdocumentsasperRTOrules?

Doyouregularlyservice/maintainthevehicle?

Doyouthinktheroadissafefromasafetypointofview?

4.3 Secondary methodology

Visibility issue:Atanypointontheexpresswayiftheroad isnotvisibletothevehicleoperatorforalikeU-turnorany turningpointthenthere,wecanprovideaprovisionmirror. Any also if the divider is already provided then we can reduceitssizeformorespace.Ifthevehiclespeedismore than the design speed there, we can apply the method by using CCTV at any particular point on the expressway if CCTVisnotprovidedandtheaccidentrateismoreatthat pointthenthere,wecanapplythismethod.

Also,wecantakelookatifatruckaccidenthappensonthe expresswayandthenroadtraffichappensduetoablockof theroadthenthere,wecanalsoprovidesomepreventionto tackle this kindofsituation. also, at some of the places, if barriersarenotprovidedwheretherateofaccidentsmore ontheexpresswaythenthere,wecouldprovidebarriers.

We can check the road design aspect to reduce accidentsonexpressways

4.3.1. Location

Aftertheanalysisweconcludethatwearerequiredtoadopt various technique. in Mumbai-Pune expressway. By collectingpreviousaccidentsdata,wedecidedtodoasurvey atMumbai-Puneexpressway.TheMumbai-Puneexpressway (officiallyYashwantRaoChavanexpressway)isIndia’sfirst 6lanewideconcreteaccesscontrol,tolledexpressway.Its span distance of 94.5km connecting, the capital of MaharashtraandthefinancialcapitalofIndia,withPune,the cultural and educational capital of Maharashtra. The expressway, which was fully operationalize in 2002, introduced new level of speed and safety in auto mobile transportation to Indian roads it is the one of the India’s busiestroads.

4.3.2. Road survey

We have selected Mumbai-Pune expressway because it is connectingtwoimportantmajorcitiesofMaharashtra.Many vehicles ply on this road for the purpose of education, industry finance, etc. It is also important tourist place in Maharashtra. Being such an important road, it is quite an accident-prone road so we decide to install a speed guns, implementrollingbarriers,preventionmirror,roadsafety signs,etc.

4.3.2. Causes of accident

Becauseofpresencefoginrainyandwinterseasondriver can’tseethefrontvehicle,thevisibilityisveryless.Another major cause is overspeeding or rush driving hence, many people get injured and even lose their lives life due to clashingofvehicle.Atsome ofthe place’sbarriersarenot provided for preventing the vehicle from derailing of the lane.Thesethemainreasonwhyaccidentsarecaused.After doingresearchandanalysiswecollectedtheaccidentaldata of the past three years from RTO. In the past three years manyaccidentshaveoccurred.

5. CASE STUDY

5.1 Introduction

Mumbai Pune expressway is dangerous expressway in Maharashtra. The Mumbai-Pune expressway (officially Yashwant Rao Chavan expressway) is India’s first 6 lane wide concrete access control, tolled expressway. Its span distance of 94.5km. In Nov 18, 2022 the SUV car carrying nine passengers hit container on the expressway near khopoliareaofRaigadataround11.40pmafterthedriver lostcontrolduetooverspeeding.

5.2 Problem on Mumbai pune expressway

ON 23 FEB 2023 we started a survey of that road or ghat around10amwefoundtherearestiffslopesoncurvesand also at some places the presence of black or blind spots therefore visibility on roads is very less, some curves are morethan80-degreecurvebecauseofintenseturnsdriver can’tseeproperlylane.

As heavy vehicles came from long distances due to the continuous running of vehicles the brake liners and mechanicalpartofthevehiclegetheatedandthevehicleis travelthroughaghatsectiontheyputthevehicleonneutral gear and continue the use of break, leading to breaking failure

5.3 Location of most accidental areas

5.3.1. Amrutanjan point

ThispointisontheMumbaiPuneexpressway45kmfrom the start point of the expressway the lane width of the Amrutanjanpoint isshort andtherearevery bigScurves andslopesduetosharpturnsandslopesit’sverydifficultto

seethevehiclesinfrontandtocontrolthevehicleduetothis reason the driver loses control over the vehicle hence accidentsarehigh.

5.3.2. Anda point

KhopolitoLonavlaalsorunsattheThispointis41kmfrom the start point of the Mumbai Pune expressway is a very dangerouspointandmostaccidentsseeatthisplace.Dueto dangerous turns and lack of correct direct drivers get confused.Also,theoldMumbaiPuneroadisconnected to theexpresswayatthesameplace,andtheroutefromsame place.

duetothesteephillsvehiclestrafficlanewidthisveryless fortwo roadsasroad work isgoing on the wayoutisnot readilyvisible.

5.3.3. Adoshi tunnel

This point is on from the start point of the Mumbai Pune expresswayatthispointslopeisaverysteepinclineofabout 1km and a 90-degree curve and immediately leads to the tunnel,alsotherearenolightsinthetunnelvisibilityisless.

6. COMPARISION

6.1

Introduction

Thepurposeofliteraturereviewisasearchandevaluation oftheavailableliteratureinoursubjectorchoosetopicarea. Itdocumentsthestateoftheartswithrespecttosubjector topicthatwearewritingabout.

Theliteraturereviewisafocusedonprovidingbackground information and enabling historical interpretation of the subject of analysis is relation to the research problem the caseisintendedtoaddress.Sourcescoveredinthereview mayincludescholarlyjournal articles, books, government reports, website, etc. the literature review provides description,summeryandevaluationofeachsource.

6.2 Aim of study

Roads and roadways are the primary mode of transport acrosstheglobe.Connectivitythroughroadshelpmovement of humans, animals and materials. It thus shapes and develops the world at large by facilitating movementmovement for socio-cultural exchanges and economic progress. While there is a constant endeavor to increase roadsandenhanceroadinfrastructure,alotmoreattention hastobegiventokeepourroadssafeforallroadusers.Itis quitedisturbingtoacknowledgethateveryyear,theworld looseover1.35millionpeopleduetoroadaccidents

5.3.4. Khopoli exit point

Thisisanaccidentalarea,thedistancefromthestartpointis 38km,andthewayoutforKhopoliisnotreadilyapparent

Roads and roadways are the primary mode of transport acrosstheglobe.Connectivitythroughroadshelpmovement of humans, animals and materials. It thus shapes and develops the world at large by facilitating movementmovement for socio-cultural exchanges and economic progress. While there is a constant endeavor to increase roadsandenhanceroadinfrastructure,alotmoreattention

hastobegiventokeepourroadssafeforallroadusers.Itis quitedisturbingtoacknowledgethateveryyear,theworld looseover1.35millionpeopleduetoroadaccidents

6.3 Objective of literature review

It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study , it critically analysis the information gathered by identifying gaps in current knowledge; by showing limitations of theories and points of view; and by formulating areas for furtherresearchandreviewingareasofcontroversy

6.4 Objective of case study

Describe an individual situation (case), e.g., a person, business,organization,orinstitution,indetail

7. RESULT AND ANALYSIS

7.1 General

On14august2022theaccidenttookplaceatnearMadap tunnel close to Khalapur toll plaza. That SUV was in the secondofthesix-laneexpressway,thedriverlostcontrolof the car after truck changes lane, in that Ex-MLC Vinayak Metedied.

CONCLUSION

1Asperouropinion,2022Mate’sSUVaccidenttookplace onstraightroad.Ifyoulookatthisroadportiontheroadis continuousstraightabout5kmandbecauseofthatspeedof vehicleincreasesduetothatdriverslostcontrolofthecar aftertruckchangeslane.

2.Ifthereanotherextralaneisprovidedforheavyvehicles toovertakingsowecouldminimizetheaccidentduetolane cutting.

3. The accident is the case of human error or natural phenomenon.

4.Indiaisadevelopedcountryininfraandtransportation section. As an engineer we construct the roads, highways, expressways,butalsowehavetoconcentrateonthesafety oftheroads,tominimizethetotalaccidents.

5.On36/500-pointvisibilityofroadisverylessduetono lights on that portion. So, there we can provide lights and someextralane.Thelightsareofsolarpolesinthosespecific points.

6. In the portion of Anda Point (NH-48) divider can be provideandalsoprovideproperinstructionanddirection signtoavoidaccidents.

7.2

Calculation

Calculationofquestionsthatweask

YES=170

NO=130

Averageofanswer= x100

YES= x100=56.66%

NO= x100=43.33%

7.3 Result

ResultofaverageofanswersofYES

7.OntheAdoshiTunneltheroadisverysteepand90°curve andimmediatelyleadsto thetunnel.Inthattunnelvisibility islessbecauseoftherearenolights.Soherewecanprovide rollingbarriersinthecarsection.Tocontrolvehiclespeeds wecanproviderumblestripsandalsoprovidethelightsin thetunnelforvisibility.

8. In Khopoli exit point construction work is going on so that’s why traffic happens. Visibility less because of construction work. So here we can provide direction and signs.

9.ForheavyvehicleswecanprovidehaltstationatMalavali areatocooldownthatvehicles.Sothatthevehiclesliners andgearboxesmaycooldown.Sothatchancesoffailureof mechanicalpartsandchancesofaccidentisless.

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