International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | Apr 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
MICRO RO DESALINATION UNIT Sahil N. Mahajan1, Austin N. Mathias2, Pratik V. Mayekar3, Nikhil V. Padval4 1,2,3,4 Research Scholar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Datta Meghe College of Engineering, India
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Abstract - Water is the backbone of our economy and
of water at least once a month. But fortunately, as we know 71% of the earth’s surface is water and 97.5% of that water is seawater.
development. An adequate and safe water supply is vital for progress in agriculture, industry, recreation, and human consumption. As a country, we face increasing water supply challenges in the form of droughts, increased water demands due to population growth, densely polluted waters, and demand competitive demand from many different users. To overcome these challenges for the present and future, water treatment technologies including desalination will significantly contribute to ensuring a safe, sustainable, affordable, and adequate water supply for the public of India. Desalination is commonly applied today to overcome the scarcity of fresh water in some parts of the world such as Israel, Bahrain, Kuwait, China, Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia etc. Different types of technologies have been proposed over the past century. In this report, the status of the mainstream solution, reverse osmosis (RO) is reported. In this case, the seawater treatment plants operate the same way as the traditional, except that they are designed to be portable. The document reviews filtration techniques and the evolution of the device into compactness, they can be used without complicated installation procedures, and the treats seawater everywhere. The classifications are therefore given first, taking into account the principles of operation, the main energy inputs required for the treatment, the parts needed, the processes involved, and the unit test.
Fig-1: Water Distribution on Earth In many parts of the world, there is a scarcity of clean and fresh water. For industries to survive, they need a system that can help them utilize the available water resource more efficiently. With the help of desalination plants, Governments and people can be prepared for the times of droughts and ensure an efficient supply of water.
Key Words: Desalination, portable, water bodies, water treatment, freshwater, seawater, sustainable, reverse osmosis, installation.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.2 India’s Water Resources
Desalination is a technique of removing salts or other minerals and contaminants from seawater, brackish water, and wastewater and it is a unique solution to obtain fresh water for consumption and for domestic/industrial utilization. Desalination plants convert saline water into pure water that is fit to drink. The most common technique used is reverse osmosis where high pressure is applied to push saline water from an area of high salt concentration to low salt concentration through a membrane.
In India, an average precipitation of 118 cm per year is experienced. Most of the rains occur during its monsoon seasons with the north-eastern and northern areas like Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh receiving 400 cm of rainfall. The regions Tripura, Nagaland, and Manipur receive 200-300 cm of rain. Areas such as West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha experience 100-200 cm of rainfall. Maharashtra, Punjab, Haryana, and Tamil Nadu receive 50100 cm of rain. Desert and semi-desert areas including Rajasthan, Gujarat, Ladakh plateau receives rains below 50 cm. due to this flooding occurs in the Himalayan basin and water scarcity in others. Generally, desalination is considered to be more expensive compared to other existing sources, yet it is more reliable in meeting the country’s water needs. Desalination will help to end India’s water problems
1.1 Need Only 2.5% of the water available on earth is fresh water. Twothird of this freshwater is present in frozen glaciers. On an average over 1.1 billion people lack proper access to any freshwater reserves and over 2.7 billion people face scarcity
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