International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | Apr 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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FUNDAMENTALS OF HYDROSOCIOLOGY IN RELATION TO DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES ASOK KUMAR GHOSH1 1Former Technical Director & Head Water System M.N.Dastur& Co Ltd. Consultant, Tata Consulting Engineers
External Examiner, School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------and basin economics with climate change, hydroAbstract - The importance of water as a Resource, a meteorological factors, hydro-geomorphic parameters and hydrogeological factors keeping in view overall growth plan of the country. The various branches of Hydro sociology are:
Commodity and as an important component of the Environment and Ecological set up is increasing very fast. In fact we are reaching at a point of water crisis. Water encompasses practically all facets of our life and society. Hydro sociology deals with all aspects of interaction between water and society. This paper deals with some of the issues related to vastness of this ever increasing problem.
1. Hydro legal Stipulations 2. Hydro politics 3. Hydrological Warfare 4. Hydrological Riparian rights 5. Hydrological Governance 6. Water Poverty Index 7. Water Footprint. 8. Hydro religious activities 9. Hydro economics 10. Hydro ethics
Key Words: Riparian Rights, Water Poverty Index, Water Footprint, Ethics, Ecology
1. INTRODUCTION Water is an essential and basic resource for the development of human civilization. Human life or any other form of life would not have been possible without existence of water. When we talk of water we mean fresh water of quality tolerable by human beings and all animal and plant life existing on landmass of mother earth. If we look at the world map we find that human population is concentrated around a river or lake which serves as source of fresh water. All the old civilizations like Egypt (Nile), Iraq (Euphrates), India (Ganges, Sindh) have grown around major rivers. Water is one such item which is connected with all aspects of life and also an integral part of overall environment. Utilization of water for development needs involvement of complete domain of human knowledge .Water is equally essential for rich and poor, educated and uneducated and persons from all strata of the society. Further, water is an essential ingredient for development of industries, agriculture, rural and urban settlement. Although water is a very basic and important resource (much more compared to Gold or, Diamond) till today no norm has been created for fixing the price of water at source. Rather, this absence of logical pricing of this essential resource has caused immense damage and deterioration of our environment through most of our present day developmental activities. . The situation is quite complex and should be studied with a holistic approach
Hydro-sociologic System Set Up provides a platform where the joint operations of Man and Water Resources are necessarily involved. Hydro-sociologic system is a set of interacting and independent entities related to society and water resources forming an integrated system with a definite boundary and also certain inputs and outputs with water resources forming the throughput. Man’s symbiotic relationship with water is so obvious that Chorley (1969) has suggested that there should be adoption of unified view of earth and social sciences in general and study of hydrology in particular. Hydro-sociologic system operates through the collision of socioeconomics, socio- legal and hydrologic cycle. In order to keep in view the broad platform of Hydro sociology one has to understand and appreciate that race, class, gender, rich, poor, religion, caste, creed , country, continent , plant life , animal life , overall ecological setup are all central elements to the issues of dam construction, bottled water, pricing of water, equitable distribution of water, stream flow, groundwater level, flood, drought, water quality, fisheries development , coastal life, global warming, limits to growth, food and water security, international and national disputes, riparian rights, and water related legal issues.
3. HYDROSOCIOLOGY AND CIVILISATION
2. HYDROSOCIOLOGY DEFINED
If one follows the civilizational history it will be observed that water has been playing a major role in the rise, decline and fall of different civilizations. Nearly all great civilizations of the world have grown around water. The water body has not only supplied fresh water for drinking and sanitation but
HYDROSOCIOLOGY is that branch of science which deals with interaction of community activities, governance, religious actions, health & hazard risks initiated through pollution, flood & drought, international &national politics
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